外遮阳对连栋塑料温室内光环境的影响研究

为探索外遮阳网材料对温室内光环境的影响，借助热辐射的相关理论，在详细分析太阳辐射在温室内传播过程的基础上，建立了在外遮阳覆盖条件下连栋塑料温室内光环境的预测模型。通过对相同透射率、不同反射率外遮阳材料覆盖下模型温室内光照度的测试显示：模拟结果和实测值吻合较好，且遮阳网的反射率越高，温室内光照环境越好。     

荷兰Venlo型连栋温室夏季自然通风降温系统的试验研究

针对我国气候条件下，大型连栋温室夏季自然通风降温效果差，而机械通风降温成本较高的问题，对采用自然通风并结合遮阳网、室外屋顶喷淋降温措施的荷兰引进Venlo型玻璃温室的室内温湿度状况进行了测试。结果表明：连栋温室室内空气温度明显低于室外，且室内温湿度分布比较均匀，能够满足作物生长需求。室外屋顶喷淋的降温效果显著，而且未造成温室内湿度显著增加。这种自然通风降温系统的能耗小，在中原地区使用可以达到温室降温和降低温室夏季生产成本的双重目的。     

遮阳网在鹤望兰生产上的应用

通过实测资料说明：遮阳网使棚内０．５ｍ及以下气层降温,０．５ｍ气温平均降低０．３℃,０．１ｍ平均降低０．９℃,０ｃｍ,５ｃｍ,１０ｃｍ土温平均降低５．０℃,３．１℃和２．６℃。相对浊度基本为适宜生长范围。而网外及棚内叶面喷水使生态环境更佳。     

遮阴对麦冬叶面积和叶绿素含量的影响

研究不同遮阴度对麦冬叶面积和叶绿素含量的影响。以邢台市区绿地的麦冬为研究对象,在全遮阴(25%～45%全光照)、半遮阴(60%～80%全光照)、不遮阴(全光照)3种不同遮阴度下,测定并分析麦冬叶面积的大小、叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量以及叶绿素a/b的值。结果表明,随着遮阴程度的增加,麦冬的叶面积增大,叶绿素a和叶绿素b均增加,且叶绿素b的增加率大于叶绿素a,叶绿素a/b的值变小。这表明麦冬具有强的耐阴性,适合于室内摆设和遮阴处的园林配置。     

番茄不同生育期遮荫对其干物质分布、产量及叶片养分含量的影响

Pot-grown tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Maofen) was used to study the effects of three shading levels (0, 75% and 40%) for 8 days on dry matter partitioning, contents of nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in leaves and yield at three growth stages (early flowering (EF), peak flowering (PF) and later flowering (LF)). Shading reduced the dry weight of root and stem tissues at the EF and PF stages, but the 40% shading increased root dry weight and stem dry weight by 43.2% and 21.6%,respectively, at the LF stage. The influence of shading on the dry weight of leaves was very small at most growth stages. Shading had no effects on total leaf N, P and K contents at the EF and PF stages, showing that N, P and K absorption were regulated by the carbon assimilation at these two stages. The leaf N, Pand K contents of 40% shaded plants at the LF stage were significantly increased. There were no obvious differences in leaf N and K contents between 75% and 40% shading treatments, but significant difference in leaf P contents was found between them at the LF stage. Shading significantly enhanced the friit yield of 40% shaded tomato plants at the LF stage, but failed to affect the fruit yield of shaded plants at the EF stage. These showed that tomato could grow well and a better yield could be obtained if some moderate shading (i.e., 40% shading) was applied at the LF stage at s, mmer midday.     

水稻耐光氧化和耐阴特性的鉴定及其生理基础

水稻耐光氧化和耐阴特性的鉴定及其生理基础焦德茂，高亮之，金之庆，季本华，严建民（江苏省农业科学院，南京２１００１４；南通师范专科学校，南通２２６００７）关键词：光氧化；耐阴；光合特性ＩｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＰｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢａｓｉ...     

花后持续遮光15d对香稻产量、品质和香气的影响

【目的】探明花后持续遮光15 d对香稻产量、品质和香气特征物质2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)的影响.【方法】以常规香稻品种玉香油占和农香18为材料,进行大田对比试验,设置花后持续遮光15 d处理和正常光照处理,测定了香稻产量、品质和2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)含量等指标.【结果和结论】与正常光照处理相比,花后持续遮光15 d显著提高了籽粒2-AP含量和蛋白质含量,但千粒质量、结实率和产量以及整精米率均显著降低.花后持续遮光15d可以提高香稻香气但会降低产量,对稻米其他品质性状的影响因品种而异.     

模拟林(竹)-草种植模式遮荫对扁穗牛鞭草的光合速率、生长的影响及其经济效益分析

在模拟遮荫条件下对扁穗牛鞭草的净光合速率、生长指标和经济效益进行了分析。结果表明,扁穗牛鞭草在自然光强1 200μmol/(m2.s)左右时达到饱和点,遮荫48%~79%的光强下很难达到光饱和状态;在中、低光强辐射时,遮荫16%~79%的净光合速率仅为全光下的33.8%~86.4%,高光强辐射下,不同遮荫度下的净光合速率为其全光照的35.0%~94.7%;不同光照强度或者同一光照强度的不同遮荫梯度下,扁穗牛鞭草净光合速率都表现出显著差异[F遮荫=44.09>F0.05(3.84),Pv<0.05;F光照=11.72>F0.05(4.46),Pv<0.05];遮荫改变了光照条件,影响光合产物的合成,进而抑制了扁穗牛鞭草的茎粗生长、植株萌发以及生物量的积累,对株高生长则表现为抑制和促进2个方面;不同遮荫梯度下扁穗牛鞭草产值下降幅度为35.0%~83.1%,年产出0.512 3万元/hm2为扁穗牛鞭草种植的临界值,林(竹)-扁穗牛鞭草模式的冠层遮荫度需等于或小于43%,才能有一定的经济效益。     

遮荫对忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量的影响

探讨不同光照强度条件下忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量变化,为忽地笑规范化栽培提供科学依据。采用HPLC方法测定了100%自然光、50%遮荫和85%遮荫条件下忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量。3种不同光强下忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量均表现为:50%遮荫>85%遮荫>100%自然光,其中在50%遮荫条件下其含量均最高,与100%自然光的相比,分别提高了35.88%和20.56%,差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。稳定性及回收率实验结果表明:HPLC法测定忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量效果好,稳定性强,方法可靠;适度遮荫(如50%遮荫)可以提高忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量。忽地笑适宜在一定遮荫环境下栽培。     

Interacting effects of irradiance and water stress on dry weight and biomass partitioning in Fagus sylvatica seedlings

Abstract

Actual climate models for central Europe predict prolonged summer droughts. Knowledge on how the interaction between light and water availability affects regeneration will hence be of major importance. In an experiment carried out under controlled conditions, newly emerged beech seedlings were grown in pots with sand during 54 days. Three treatments applying three different light levels (2, 9 and 43% relative light intensity) were combined with two soil water treatments (control and drought). At the end of the experiment, seedlings were separated into leaves, stem and root and the seedlings’ dry mass, leaf area and stem length was determined. Low irradiance (2%) had a strong negative effect on dry weights of seedling components, leaf area and specific leaf mass. Drought clearly affected biomass partitioning for seedlings at high irradiance levels (43%). An interaction between irradiance and drought on biomass partitioning in beech seedlings was observed at medium irradiance level (9%). Within a wide range of light levels in the forests, both light and drought may affect biomass partitioning in young seedlings.