黄土与古土壤中重金属的存在形态及风化成土作用对其影响

本文采用了七步连续萃取方法，研究了洛川黄土剖面黄土与古土壤中Ｆｅ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｏ和Ｎｉ五种重金属的存在形态。结果表明：黄土与古土壤中上述元素主要存在于残余态和晶形，无定形氧化铁的结合态中，而且线性回归分析表明Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｎｉ与晶形氧化铁之间存在关；ｃＵ，ｃＯ，Ｎｉ与无定形氧化铁之间存在相关；黄土风化为古土壤后，碳酸盐结合态的重金属含量增加是古土壤相对于黄土重金属增加的主要原因。     

中世纪暖期的中国东部沙地

 中世纪暖期是冰后期的又一次温暖期,研究表明,当时世界许多地区均出现不同程度的气温回升现象,而且气温回升与20世纪初气候变暖现象类似。为探讨该期中国东部沙地的气候环境状况,利用已有的研究成果,对中国东部沙地若干古土壤和河湖相沉积进行分析。结果表明,中世纪暖期,东部沙地普遍发育古土壤或河湖相沉积,气候温暖湿润,流沙固定,沙地面积缩小,植被盖度增加,沙地形成干草原—疏林草原景观。弄清中世纪暖期东部沙地气候状况,可为其未来气候环境演变趋势研究提供基础参考。     

北京卧佛寺地区土壤系统分类的研究

根据１９９５年《中国土壤系统分类》（修订方案）,卧佛寺地区土壤的诊断层为淡薄表层、雏形层,诊断特征为温性土壤温度状况、半干润土壤水分状况、落叶有机土壤物质、铁质特性、盐基呈饱和状态．该土壤应属雏形土纲、干润雏形土亚纲、铁质干润雏形土类     

Soil evolution along an alluvial-loess transect in the Herat Plain,western Afghanistan

Afghanistan is located in the Eurasian loess belt, however, there is little information on the soils in the area. Loess has covered the Herat Plain in western Herat City, Afghanistan. Despite the diversity of landform and parent material, there is no information on the soil and landform evolution in this area. The objectives of this study were to identify the soils along a transect of different landforms in the Herat Plain and determine the role of geomorphic processes on the soil and landform evolution. Five pedons from an alluvial fan, the depression between alluvial fan and piedmont plain, saline and non-saline piedmont plains, and the flood plain of the Hariroud River, were sampled. Then, the physical-chemical properties, mineralogy, and micromorphology of the samples were determined. Results showed that the soil parent material in the piedmont plain is loess, whereas, in the flood plain it is a combination of loess and river alluvial sediments. Calcification, lessivage, salinization, and gleization are the most important pedogenic processes. The calcification and lessivage appear to be the result of a wetter climate during the late Quaternary, whereas the present topography causes the gleization and salinization. Clay coatings on carbonate nodules and iron nodules are abundant pedofeatures in the Btk (argillic-calcic) horizon. Iron oxides nodules are common in the soils of the flood plain. The formation of palygorskite in both alluvial- and loess-derived soils implies the onset of aridity and the trend of increase in environmental aridity in the region. It seems that after the formation of a well developed paleosol on the alluvial fan in a more humid climate in the past, the piedmont plain has been covered by loess deposits, and the calcification, gleization, and salinization cause the formation of weakly developed surficial soils. This study highlights the role of the late Quaternary climatic changes on the evolution of landforms and soils in western Afghanistan.