苏云金杆菌H-14对致倦库蚊子_1代的影响

用14×10~3/ml的BtH-14菌液处理亲代第4龄致倦库蚊幼,观察其子_1代生命表特征。经与对照组比较,处理组蚊虫的净生殖率降低16.49％,雌蚊年均产卵量减少33％,世代周期延长约9天。     

Repellency of Cinnamomum cassia bark compounds and cream containing cassia oil to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory and indoor conditions

Patch and skin bioassays were used in laboratory and indoor tests to evaluate the repellency of (E)-cinnamaldehyde, identified in Cinnamomum cassia Blume bark and essential oil, and a cream containing 5% (w/w) cassia oil against Aedes aegypti (L.) females. Results were compared with those of a known C. cassia compound cinnamyl alcohol, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and two commercial repellents: MeiMei cream containing citronella and geranium oils and Repellan S aerosol containing 19% DEET. In patch bioassay tests with A. aegypti females, (E)-cinnamaldehyde at 0.153 mg cm(-2) and DEET at 0.051 mg cm(-2) provided 93 and 89% protection at 40 min after exposure. In skin bioassay tests, (E)-cinnamaldehyde at 0.051 mg cm(-2) and DEET at 0.025 mg cm(-2) provided 87 and 95% protection at 30 min after application. (E)-Cinnamaldehyde was significantly more effective than cinnamyl alcohol in both bioassays. In indoor tests with four human volunteers, 5% cassia oil cream provided 94, 83 and 61% protection against A. aegypti females exposed for 30, 50 and 70 min after application respectively. Cassia oil cream was a slightly less effective repellent than MeiMei cream. Repellan S aerosol provided 91% repellency at 120 min after application. Products containing cassia oil merit further study as potential repellents for the protection of humans and domestic animals from blood-feeding vectors and the diseases they transmit.     

猪场蚊子中乙型脑炎病毒的RT-PCR检测

收集湖北省与安徽省部分猪场的蚊子样本,用RT-PCR检测蚊子样本是否携带有乙型脑炎病毒,并对猪群乙型脑炎病毒抗体进行了检测.结果表明,53份蚊子样品中乙型脑炎病毒阳性样品为44份,表明这些猪场的蚊子广泛携带有乙型脑炎病毒.从阳性PCR产物中随机选出8个,并将其克隆到pEASY-T1载体中,得到5个阳性重组质粒,进行序列测定和进化树分析,结果表明阳性蚊子样本携带的都是基因Ⅲ型乙型脑炎病毒.猪场的1 401份血清样品的乙型脑炎病毒抗体阳性率为57.7％,说明这些猪场猪群的乙型脑炎病毒感染率较高.     

Repellency of aerosol and cream products containing fennel oil to mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions

The repellency of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller)-containing products (5% aerosol and 8% cream) against mosquitoes was compared with those of citronella oil, geranium oil and deet, as well as three commercial repellents, Baby Keeper cream containing IR3535, MeiMei cream containing citronella and geranium oils, and Repellan S aerosol containing 19% N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) under laboratory and field conditions. In a laboratory study with female Aedes aegypti (L), fennel oil exhibited good repellency in a release-in-cage test and repellency in skin and patch tests of the oil was comparable with those of citronella and geranium oils. In paddy field tests with five human volunteers, 5% and 8% fennel oil-containing aerosol and cream produced 84% and 70% repellency, respectively, at 90 min after exposure, whereas Baby Keeper cream and MeiMei cream gave 71% and 57% repellency at 90 min after exposure, respectively, and Repellan S aerosol gave 89% repellency at 210 min. The species and ratio of mosquitoes collected were the genera Culex (44.1%), Anopheles (42.2%), Aedes (7.8%) and Armigeres (5.9%). Fennel oil-containing products could be useful for protection from humans and domestic animals from vector-borne diseases and nuisance caused by mosquitoes.     

球形芽孢杆菌Ts—1对十种蚊幼虫毒效测定

用球形芽孢杆菌Ts—1冻干菌粉,对国内10种蚊幼虫生物测定的结果表明,不同蚊种之间敏感性有很大差异。库蚊属蚊虫(特别是淡色库蚊和致倦库蚊)对Ts—1敏感性很高,按蚊其次,而伊蚊属除东乡伊蚊外对Ts—1均不敏感。此外,同一蚊种不同地理株之间,对Ts一1的敏感性也有显著差异。     

Effect of Incandescent Light on Collection of West Nile Virus Vectors Using CDC Miniature Light Traps in Northern Colorado

To evaluate whether the presence of clear incandescent light was attractive or refractive to host-seeking mosquitoes in northern Colorado, a Bayesian hierarchical model was created to measure differences in trap effectiveness based on presence or absence of phototactic cues. A total of eight CDC miniature light traps (with and without light) were set weekly across four locations in northern Colorado between Weeks 23 and 32 of year 2020. Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) accounted for 81% of all collections in this study with two vectors of West Nile virus being represented. The probability of catching both Culex tarsalis Coquillett and Culex pipiens Linnaeus was reduced when traps were equipped with light, but the difference was not statistically significant for Culex tarsalis. The clear reduction in the number of Culex pipiens caught when these traps were equipped with light indicates negative phototactic behavior and underestimation with current surveillance strategies. Removal of light from these traps may aid our understanding of these species’ distribution within the environment, improve collection efficiency, and help guide implementation of targeted control measures used in public health mosquito control.     

苏云金杆菌菌株Bti99-11的研究

通过物理、化学诱变筛选获得一株对蚊幼高毒的Bt菌株,编号为99-11。该菌具有苏云金杆菌以色列亚种(H14)的典型特征。生理生化特性和培养特征与已知的H14以色列亚种略有差异,血清型与以色列亚种完全一致,但对蚊动的毒力却明显高于对照菌株。