两种深度养殖池塘水质和浮游藻类多样性分析

本试验研究了珠海市之山水产养殖基地的3个浅水池塘(1.3±0.1) m和3个深水池塘(2.2±0.1) m中的浮游藻类的种类组成、分布和群落结构特点以及理化指标的变化,以探讨两种不同深度池塘的水质和浮游藻类多样性之间的差异,为传统池塘挖深改造提供理论依据。结果显示,浮游藻类密度、藻类组成及藻类优势种群在两种不同深度池塘中存在明显的差异,深水池塘的藻类密度、丰度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均显著低于浅水池塘(P<0.05)。总磷(TP)和总氮(TN)浓度在两种不同深度池塘中也存在着明显的差异,深水池塘中的总磷(TP)和总氮(TN)浓度显著高于浅水池塘(P<0.05)。深水池塘中的藻类密度与TN和TP之间存在着显著的相关性,但浅水池塘的藻类密度和TN、TP相关性不显著。     

林木空间分布格局及其与BRDF的关系

将均匀度指数引入林木空间分布格局对双向反射分布函数(BRDF)影响的分析中,利用光学遥感模型定量分析林木空间分布格局对BRDF的影响。结果表明:对于红光波段,在大于树冠尺度上均匀度可以有效地描述林木空间分布格局对BRDF曲线的影响;均匀度与BRDF之间呈现负指数关系,同时这种关系还在一定程度上受郁闭度的影响,郁闭度越大,林木空间分布格局对BRDF的影响也越大。对于近红外波段,由于受多次散射的影响,BRDF与林木空间格局之间的关系更为复杂,均匀度尚未有效描述此关系。     

东洞庭湖冬、夏两季湿地鸟类多样性比较分析

2007年8月—2009年1月对东洞庭湖湿地鸟类资源进行调查,从物种丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀性指数、G-F指数等方面对比分析了冬夏两季鸟类的群落多样性。将物种数、多样性指数、均匀性指数作为基数,运用欧氏和最短距离法进行了聚类分析,结果表明:夏季树林灌丛和居民区生境鸟类群落结构十分相似,而水域和沼泽生境鸟类群落结构相似,冬季树林灌丛和芦苇、草滩沼泽生境鸟类群落结构十分相似,而水域和居民区生境鸟类群落结构相似。     

热带次生林演替过程中环境因子对物种多样性的影响

为了解热带森林次生演替的群落环境特征变化对植物多样性的影响,以两种不同演替阶段的热带滨海次生林群落为研究对象,采用两种非参数检验以及Kendall秩相关分析的方法,对两群落内部的环境因子及其对植物多样性、均匀度以及物种周转率的影响进行研究。结果表明:各环境因子在群落间和群落内均存在差异。在热带常绿季雨林(TEMF)、灌木林(SHR)内,光合有效辐射(PAR)对物种多样性和周转率有显著影响。在两个群落内,土壤相对湿度对物种分布均起到重要影响,对SHR中物种分布的影响更强。在TEMF中,土壤温度、坡度及坡位对物种多样性和周转率限制显著;在SHR中,空气相对湿度成为限制物种分布的主要环境因子。     

福建三元地区毛竹林均匀性研究

以福建三元地区毛竹林为研究对象,利用均匀度和角尺度两个指标,并结合毛竹的年龄,对该地区毛竹林的均匀性进行了研究。结果表明：1）在均匀度方面,毛竹林均匀度具有尺度效应,各尺度下的均匀度大小相差悬殊,其在大尺度上分布相对均匀,而在小尺度上分布极不均匀;从年龄角度分析毛竹的均匀度,各度毛竹的均匀度相关性不显著。2）在角尺度方面,毛竹等各树种在样地1、4、5、6内为团状分布或不均匀分布,在样地2、3、7、8内为均匀分布;从年龄方面来分析毛竹的角尺度,各度毛竹角尺度之间的相关性都未达到显著性水平,分析结果与均匀度基本一致。     

大通县退耕还林不同配置模式物种多样性的研究

研究结果表明,大通县退耕还林不同配置模式下群落物种多样性指数与丰富度、均匀度呈显著正相关,与优势度呈显著负相关。群落物种多样性指数排序,在浅山区为模式C(青杨 枸杞)>模式D(中国沙棘)>模式B(紫花苜蓿)>模式A(川赤芍)>模式E(柠条),多样性指数分别为5.309 1、5.089 4、4.657 3、4.081 6、3.410 5;在高山区为模式H(白桦 青海云杉)>模式J(青杨 中国沙棘)>模式G(华北落叶松)>模式F(青海云杉)>模式K(青海云杉 中国沙棘),多样性指数分别为5.228 9、5.071 7、4.699 2、2.780 9、2.646 2,群落乔、灌、草3层结构物种多样性指数呈现出草本层>灌木层>乔木层的规律,在优势度方面,草本层在森林中的作用远不及乔木层。     

Effect of seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer on weed species composition,density and diversity in two sesame varieties

To evaluate the effect of seed and nitrogen rates on weed species composition, density, biomass and diversity in two sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties, a field experiment was conducted in 2009, 2010 and 2011 rainy seasons at Samaru, Nigeria. Four seed rates, 2, 4, 6 and 8 kg ha^?1, four nitrogen rates, 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha^?1 and two sesame varieties NCRIBEN 01M and E8 were arranged as factorial in a split plot design. Weeds with the highest important values in sesame field were Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Ludwigia decurrens, Ageratum conyzoides and Cyperus esculentus. Year had a significant effect on weed density, biomass, diversity, evenness and richness. Weed density, biomass, diversity and richness were lowest in the 2011 trial and weed species evenness in 2009. Variety E8 reduced weed biomass better than NCRIBEN 01M. Averaged over years, weed diversity and evenness were lowest at 4 kg seeds ha^?1. Seed × nitrogen rates effect of 4 kg seed ha^?1 and 30 kg N ha^?1 produced the lowest weed species diversity and evenness. The result suggests that variety E8 at 4 kg seed ha^?1 and 30 kg N ha^?1 with hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS may provide better weed control, and it is recommended in sesame production.     

混纺比对麻涤纱线性能的影响

本文通过对不同混纺比下的麻涤混纺纱的性能测试分析得出：涤纶比例必须达到一定量（40％）后，混纺纱的断裂伸长率才能随着涤纶比列的提高而逐渐改善；随着混纺比的改变，在涤纶含量为50％左右，混纺纱的断裂强力将出现一个低谷；随着涤纶含量的增加，毛羽和条干指标得以改善。     

Tree composition and diversity in relation to urban park history in Hong Kong,China

In densely populated cities that are dominated by concrete buildings, urban parks serve as major green infrastructures for ecological and environmental functions. Trees are one of the important components that support these green infrastructures. Despite plenty of urban parks established in Hong Kong in the last 20 years, knowledge of tree composition and diversity is outdated. There were also no studies that investigated the differences in tree diversity in relation to park history. Therefore, this study aims to identify the temporary changes in tree composition and diversity in Hong Kong, by conducting a plot-based tree survey in 32 urban parks of different ages. Overall, 2801 trees belonging to 181 species were recorded in 319 plots across all the parks. A ridit analysis was conducted and it indicated the mature size of trees were not significantly larger in old parks. However, the linear mixed-effects models and the post-hoc tests suggested that DBH, tree height and the proportion of crown dieback for each class of tree size were greater in the old parks. Moreover, the composition of top-ranking dominant tree species varied substantially, where more ornamental and exotic trees were adopted in new parks. For species richness, the sample-based species accumulation curves of different park age overlapped when the horizontal axis of the curve was scaled by the average number of combined individual trees. When the horizontal axis was scaled by the number of plots, the curve for the old parks was above the curve for the new parks. The differences derived from these two accumulation methods indicated a higher tree density in old parks. For species evenness, both the rank-abundance curves and Rényi diversity curves depicted a similar low species evenness in old and new parks. These results suggested that species diversity remained largely unchanged from old parks to new parks though the dominant tree species varied. Greater attention should be paid to increase the species evenness in all urban parks, increase tree density in new parks and improve tree maintenance in old parks.     

长白山地区大型真菌的区系组成及生态分布

通过对长白山地区大型真菌调查发现共有89科,275属,858种,这些真菌分布于从低海拔到高海拔的阔叶林带、针阔混交林带、针叶林带、亚高山岳桦林带和高山苔原带5个不同植被类型中。研究发现:5个不同植被类型中针阔混交林带的Shannon多样性指数最高,为5.73,其次是阔叶林带多样性指数为5.49,针叶林带多样性指数为4.96,亚高山岳桦林带多样性指数为4.48,而高山苔原带的最低,为3.34。在区系组成上主要以北温带区系成分为主。同南美洲、非洲热带等热带—亚热带地区存在着一定的历史渊源。在不同植被区中大型真菌分布特征具有明显的垂直分布特性,同时还发现植物物种组成差异越大的植被类型区其大型真菌的相似性越小。