Nematode eggs observed in cytology of cerebrospinal fluid diagnostic for intramedullary Spirocerca lupi spinal cord migration

Spinal spirocercosis due to aberrant Spirocerca lupi nematode migration is an emerging etiology for acute myelitis in dogs in Israel, causing severe, mostly nonsymmetrical hind limb paresis or paralysis, and sometimes tetraparesis or tetraparalysis. So far, incidental identification of parasites during spinal surgery or at necropsy provides the only definite diagnosis, while antemortem diagnosis of this condition has been uncertain. Specifically, antemortem diagnosis is based on the typical clinical presentation of acute, progressive, asymmetrical hind limb paresis or paralysis, with moderate to severe eosinophilic to mixed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and increased CSF protein concentration. Exclusion of other differential diagnoses also requires using spinal cord imaging. In this novel report, we document a case of an intradural spinal spirocercosis in a dog, diagnosed antemortem, by detecting S lupi eggs in the CSF, and subsequent treatment, resulting in the resolution of the clinical signs.     

Efficacy of macrocyclic lactones for the control of larvae of the Old World screw-worm fly (Chrysomya bezziana)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of four macrocyclic lactones for the control of larvae of the Old World Screw-worm Fly (OWS), Chrysomya bezziana, and to examine the effects of excreted residues on the dung fauna. ANIMALS: 100 heifers were divided into five groups of 20 animals. One group remained untreated, whereas the other groups were treated respectively with pour-on formulations of moxidectin, eprinomectin or doramectin, or a sustained-release bolus of ivermectin. PROCEDURES: At intervals of 1 to 15 weeks after treatment, five cattle from each group were challenged with newly-laid eggs of OWS. The efficacy of each treatment was determined 48 h later by comparing the number of myiases in the treated and untreated groups. Abundance of fly larvae in naturally-voided dung pads and the survival of a species of dung beetle, Onthophagus sagittarius, were used to assess the effects of drug residues on the dung fauna. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Moxidectin showed no activity against larvae of OWS during the first 14 days after treatment. Eprinomectin provided protection for 3 days after dosing, but failed at days 7 and 14, whereas doramectin was effective at day 7, but not at days 14 or 21. In contrast, no myiases were established on bolus-treated cattle from 14 to 102 days after treatment. Faecal residues of moxidectin had no effect on the survival of larvae of dung-feeding flies, whereas those of eprinomectin and doramectin reduced survival for 1 to 2 weeks. Dung voided by bolus-treated cattle inhibited fly breeding and had adverse effects on the development and survival of O sagittarius for up to 15 weeks after treatment.     

多拉菌素的复合诱变及发酵条件优化

为通过诱变获得遗传性状稳定的多拉菌素高产菌株,对多拉菌素产生菌RDL19-1进行多种诱变处理包括常压室温等离子(ARTP)诱变,紫外(UV)诱变,及ARTP-UV复合诱变。该菌株接种瓶后于28 ℃摇床培养32 h,以10%的接种量转入装量为35 mL/300 mL 发酵瓶中,在28 ℃条件下发酵培养14 d,多拉菌素发酵产量达到了1390 μg/mL,相较于诱变前提高了4倍。通过对多拉菌素产生菌RDL19-1进行ARTP-UV复合诱变,获得了一株遗传性状稳定的高产菌株。     

多拉菌素浇泼剂对昆明小鼠消化道线虫驱杀效果研究

观察多拉菌素浇泼剂对小鼠自然感染的消化道线虫的驱杀效果。选取140只小鼠分4组按不同剂量给药:多拉菌素浇泼剂低剂量组(2mg·kg-1BW)、中剂量组(5mg·kg-1BW)、高剂量组(15mg·kg-1BW)及空白对照组(不用药组)。通过用药组与对照组虫体感染情况的比较,结果表明,多拉菌素浇泼剂能有效驱除小鼠体内线虫;中剂量组和高剂量组药物残效期均在28d以上,二者驱虫效果差异无显著性(P0.05),中剂量即5mg·kg-1BW为最佳用药量。     

多拉菌素浇泼剂在犬体内的药代动力学

本试验对多拉菌素浇泼剂在犬血浆中的药代动力学进行了研究。犬背部皮肤一次浇注多拉菌素浇泼剂(0.1 mg/kg体重),给药后,不同时间点从犬前肢静脉采血。以高效液相色谱法对血浆中药物浓度进行测定,血浆药物浓度—时间数据用WinNonlin 5.2.1的非房室模型药动软件处理。给药后的主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2β为(2.14±0.56)d,T_max为(1.00±0.00) d,C_max为(24.38±4.82) ng/mL,AUC为(89.79±16.90)ng/(d·mL)。提示多拉菌素浇泼剂在犬体内血药浓度维持的时间较长,消除缓慢。