上海地区鸡球虫对6种抗球虫药的抗药程度研究

为了解上海地区的鸡球虫抗药性状况,作者采集了上海市9个区县10个鸡场的球虫,进行了对地克珠利（Diclazuril)、氯苯胍（Robenidine)、氯羟吡啶（Clopidol)、氨丙啉（Amprolium)、马杜拉霉素（Maduramicin)、莫能霉素（Monensin)的抗药性研究。试验设6个药物组和感染不用药、不感染不用药2个对照组,以抗球虫指数（ACI）、病变记分减少率（RLS）、相对卵囊产量（ROP）、最适抗球虫活性百分率（POAA）为试验指标,进行综合评定,其抗药程度分为无抗药性、轻度抗药性、中度抗药性、完全抗药性4个等级。结果显示来自10个鸡场的球虫中,对地克珠利有90％未产生抗药性,对氯苯胍有90％为无抗药性和轻度抗药,对驻杜拉霉素有50％为无抗药性和轻度抗药,对氯羟吡啶有80％达到完全抗药,对氨丙啉有90％达到中度和完全抗药,对莫能霉素则全部达到中度以上的抗药程度,作者认为目前在上海地区以放心地理合理使用地克珠利和氯苯胍,对马杜拉霉素要慎使用,对氯羟吡啶、氨丙啉、莫能霉素须减少或暂停使用。     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

球痢灵对肉鸡抗球虫促生长效果的观察

应用抗球虫添加剂球痢灵和抗生素促生长添加剂金霉素，并设空白对照组，对一批可能隐性感染鸡球虫的艾维茵肉鸡进行了５０ｄ对比饲喂试验，以检测球痢灵的抗球虫促生长效果。     

菲莱氏温扬球虫(Wenyonella philiplevinei)大配子发育的超微结构研究

利用透射电镜对寄生于家鸭小肠上皮细胞内的菲莱氏温扬球虫大配子发育进行观察,发现虫体在上皮细胞内的带虫空泡中发育。大配子体外被1～2层单位膜,成熟的大配子外被3层单位膜。在早期大配子体中即开始形成成囊颗粒、以后相继出现支链淀粉颗粒、脂肪体以及小管,其体积和数量也不断增加,虫体相应变大。带虫空泡中无泡内小管,仅见泡内皱褶。     

细胞培养技术在鸡球虫研究中的应用

球虫的细胞培养是球虫在体外合适的细胞体系中进行发育的过程,能让人们在"无控"和"透明"环境下研究抗球虫药物的作用机制和虫体发育机制等.目前,该技术已在球虫学研究中广泛应用,主要集中于细胞培养体系优化、抗球虫制剂的疗效、虫体入侵相关蛋白功能研究以及检测手段的优化等方面.论文从以上几个方面综述细胞培养技术在鸡球虫学研究中的...     

肠艾美耳球虫(Eimeria intestinalis Cheissin)内生阶段的多糖研究

本实验用组织化学染色方法对寄生于家兔小肠内的肠艾美耳球虫内生阶段体内的多糖进行了定性和定位研究。实验结果表明:肠艾美耳球虫的各代裂殖体和大配子内都含有多糖,滋养体和小配子体内也发现了多糖。不同种属的球虫多糖在虫体内分布的位置不同,多糖出现的时期也有所不同,并且再次证明各期虫体内多糖的含量不同。     

The prevalence and intensity of infection withEimeria species in sheep in Nyandarua district of Kenya

The prevalence and numbers of coccidian oocysts in faecal samples from young (less than 6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (over 12 months old) sheep on 15 farms in Nyandarua district were studied during the dry and wet seasons. The species ofEimeria occuring in these sheep were also identified. The proportion of animals shedding coccidian oocysts did not vary significantly with season. The prevalence of the oocysts was significantly higher (p<0.05) in young sheep (mean 85.3%) compared to immature (mean 40.2%) and adult sheep (mean 32.15%). OPG counts (oocysts per gram of faeces) were significantly higher (p<0.01) in the young sheep compared to immature and adult sheep during both seasons. Prevalence and OPG did not differ between immature and adult sheep. There was no significant difference in OPG during the wet season (mean 328±997) compared to the dry season (mean 219±773). The sex of the sheep had no significant effect on prevalence or OPG. Eight species ofEimeria were recognized. They (and their prevalence) wereE. bakuensis (ovina) (43.6%),E. ovinoidalis (23.6%),E. ahsata (15.2%),E. intricata (8.27%),E. granulosa (4.8%),E. faurei (2.8%),E. parva (1.06%) andE. pallida (0.67%).Abbreviations OPG oocysts per gram of faeces     

Immunohistological demonstration of antigenicity of the various endogenous stages ofEimeria apsheronica in goats

Ten naive goat kids obtained soon after birth were reared coccidia-free in cages indoors. At one month of age they were each infected with 25 000 oocysts ofE. apsheronica. Infection was monitored by examining the faeces for oocysts for two and a half weeks after patency. They were then euthanized and sections of their small intestines showing gross coccidial lesions were fixed for histology. Intestinal sections were incubated in pre-infection and post-infection sera to detect any antigen-antibody reactions using diaminobenzidine (DAB) as the stain. The sections treated with pre-infection sera stained very poorly in comparison to those treated with post-infection sera. The conclusion is drawn that serum antibodies which developed after infection reacted with the endogenous stages of the parasite and were histologically demonstrable.     

温州地区家兔球虫病流行病学调查

为掌握温州地区家兔球虫病的流行情况,采用麦克马斯特虫卵计数法(McMasters method)和饱和盐水漂浮法,对采集的595份家兔粪便样品中兔球虫种类和感染情况进行调查分析。结果表明,温州地区兔球虫平均感染率达771%,全部为混合感染,感染球虫种类多为3～5种。各月龄段均有不同程度的感染,以1～3月龄幼兔感染率最高,达977%,多数呈中度或重度感染。调查共检出10种兔艾美耳球虫,以无残艾美耳球虫、穿孔艾美耳球虫、肠艾美耳球虫和大型艾美耳球虫为优势虫种。