QTL analysis of photoperiod sensitivity in common buckwheat by using markers for expressed sequence tags and photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes

Photoperiod sensitivity is an important trait related to crop adaptation and ecological breeding in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Although photoperiod sensitivity in this species is thought to be controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs), no genes or regions related to photoperiod sensitivity had been identified until now. Here, we identified QTLs controlling photoperiod sensitivity by QTL analysis in a segregating F₄ population (n = 100) derived from a cross of two autogamous lines, 02AL113(Kyukei SC2)LH.self and C0408-0 RP. The F₄ progenies were genotyped with three markers for photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes, which were identified based on homology to photoperiod-sensitivity genes in Arabidopsis and 76 expressed sequence tag markers. Among the three photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes (FeCCA1, FeELF3 and FeCOL3) identified in common buckwheat, FeELF3 was associated with photoperiod sensitivity. Two EST regions, Fest_L0606_4 and Fest_L0337_6, were associated with photoperiod sensitivity and explained 20.0% and 14.2% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. For both EST regions, the allele from 02AL113(Kyukei SC2)LH.self led to early flowering. An epistatic interaction was also confirmed between Fest_L0606_4 and Fest_L0337_6. These results demonstrate that photoperiod sensitivity in common buckwheat is controlled by a pathway consisting of photoperiod-sensitivity candidate genes as well as multiple gene action.     

苦荞胰蛋白酶抑制剂纯化方法的研究

以苦荞种子为材料,经热变性、硫酸铵盐析后制成苦荞胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TBTI)粗品,然后用离子交换层析及亲和层析的不同洗脱体系对其进行纯化。结果发现:亲和层析法操作简单、纯化效率高。十二烷基硫酸钠一聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)显示为一条带。分子量约为12 kDa～15 kDa。     

荞麦主要农艺性状的遗传相关分析

 对昆明地区9个栽培养麦品种,10个农艺性状遗传相关和通径分析的结果表明,在荞麦育种中,选择生育期长,其中营养生长期较长,千粒重较高,而分枝数、株粒数和单株叶面积适当的材料,容易获得高产品种,选择株粒数和生育期时要注意环境条件的影响.     

加工方式对传统荞麦制品芦丁含量及功能特性的影响

为了分析不同加工方式对传统荞麦制品营养成分含量及功能特性的影响。利用高效液相色谱法测定了蒸、煮、烙、油炸和发酵等加工方式所得传统荞麦制品中的芦丁、槲皮素含量,对其制品的抗氧化能力进行了比较。结果表明,荞麦面粉加水调制成面团时,芦丁结构发生了变化,生成了槲皮素;传统荞麦制品中,槲皮素含量远高于芦丁含量;不同加工方式对芦丁和槲皮素含量的影响不同,发酵对荞麦中芦丁、槲皮素的影响最大(苦荞面粉中的芦丁含量为6869.1 mg/kg,槲皮素未捡出;而苦荞醋中的芦丁含量为19.8 mg/kg,槲皮素含量为29.2 mg/kg),油炸次之,煮制对芦丁、槲皮素的影响最小;不同加工方式所得苦荞制品的甲醇提取物均具有一定的抗氧化能力,其中发酵制品的抗氧化能力最强,而油炸制品最弱。此结果提示人们在加工荞麦制品时,应尽量避免采用加热温度较高的烙制和油炸,可多采用煮制加工,以减少对荞麦制品品质的影响,同时应重视苦荞醋的研究与开发。     

不同供氮水平对荞麦茎叶中黄酮含量的影响

以普通荞麦品种晋荞1号(Fagopyrum esculentumMoench,cv.Jinq iao 1)为材料,通过盆栽试验研究苗期和开花前不同供氮水平(0(CK)、100、200 kg.hm-2)对不同生育期荞麦茎叶的干物质量、芦丁和黄酮含量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,经100、200 kg.hm-2的氮肥处理,盛花期叶片中芦丁和黄酮含量分别下降了36%、46%和27%、47%,成熟期分别下降了20%、56%和22%、52%;经100、200 kg.hm-2的氮肥处理,盛花期茎中黄酮含量分别下降了13%和19%,成熟期分别下降了31%和28%。高氮处理对荞麦叶片黄酮含量的负效应比对茎的更为明显。100 kg.hm-2的氮肥处理下单株茎叶干物质量及芦丁和黄酮产量皆最高。适量施用氮肥将有利于单株水平上的干物质产量和黄酮产量的提高。     

荞麦淀粉酶水解工艺条件研究

为探索荞麦淀粉酶水解特性及工艺条件,试验采用中温α-淀粉酶、真菌α-淀粉酶及其不同组合对荞麦淀粉进行水解,并在水解温度、pH、底物浓度及酶用量等单因素试验的基础上进行了二次回归正交旋转试验,确定了荞麦淀粉酶解工艺条件。结果表明,真菌α-淀粉酶适用于荞麦淀粉水解,其淀粉转化率和DE值均较高;各因素对真菌α-淀粉酶水解荞麦淀粉影响程度大小依次为pH>水解温度>酶用量>底物浓度;真菌α-淀粉酶水解荞麦淀粉的适宜工艺条件为:水解温度54℃,pH 6.0,底物浓度50 g/L,酶用量100~130 U/g,水解时间为75 m in,在此工艺条件下荞麦淀粉酶水解度为66.05%。     

微波提取苦荞籽粒总黄酮最佳工艺的研究

以苦荞籽粒为原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验结合,研究了微波功率、乙醇浓度、固液比、萃取时间等工艺参数对总黄酮含量的影响.结果表明,微波萃取苦荞籽粒黄酮,微波功率、乙醇浓度、固液比、萃取时间对总黄酮含量都有影响,次序为乙醇浓度＞微波功率＞固液比＞萃取时间.微波提取苦荞麦黄酮的较优组合为:微波功率360 W、乙醇浓度60%、固液比1:60、萃取时间4 min.     

苦荞叶提取物抗氧化性及其协同效应的研究

从苦荞叶中提取抗氧化性物质,用光度法测定提取物中总黄酮的含量及对羟自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子(O-2·)的清除作用,并采用碘量法研究了苦荞叶提取物对脂质过氧化的抑制作用及与其他物质的协同作用。结果表明,苦荞叶中总黄酮含量为57g/kg;苦荞叶提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性,可有效延缓油脂脂质过氧化反应;随着苦荞叶提取物添加量的增加,抗氧化作用增强,最有效的添加量为2g/kg;VC、VE和柠檬酸对苦荞叶提取物有一定的协同作用,增效次序为VC>VE>柠檬酸;苦荞叶提取物对羟自由基和超氧阴离子均有较强的清除能力。     

Genetic diversity and relationships among cultivated and wild accessions of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) as revealed by RAPD markers

The methodology of sampling and the selection of a proper marker systemfor the analysis of accessions are major concerns in the evaluation of gene bank material. In our study the RAPD analysis of bulked DNA samples and single seedsDNA was successfully employed to evaluate intra- and inter-population geneticvariability of cultivated and wild tartary buckwheat accessions. The bulkingapproach enabled the distinction of all 40 analysed accessions and theirseparation into geographically well defined clusters. Three wild populations,two from Sichuan and one from Qinghai, formed a group that was geneticallyrelatively distant from wild populations from Tibet and all cultivatedlandraces which, on the other hand, exhibited very close relationships. Thesingle seed study that was used after bulked DNA analysis provided detailedinformation of the genetic variation present within some accessions of specialinterest. A moderate level of genetic variability was detected betweenaccessions and the variability was partitioned into between- andwithin-population components. On average, most of the detected variation ispresent between F. tataricumpopulations. The genetic and geographic distribution of variability is furtherdiscussed. We demonstrated the usefulness of combining bulking and single seedstudy approaches for the effective evaluation of genetic variability inF. tataricum accessions that couldalso have wider applicability in the management of plant genetic resources andphylogenetic studies.     

烯效唑浸种对不同水分条件下苦荞生长的影响

以"黑丰一号"苦荞[Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn]为试验材料,采用不同浓度(0、40、80和120mg/kg)烯效唑浸种,探讨不同水分条件(正常供水、中度干旱和重度干旱)下烯效唑浸种对苦荞生长的抗旱效应。结果表明,烯效唑浸种降低了苗高,提高了苦荞的茎粗、叶面积、最大根长和根冠比;同时还提高了叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和根系活力。烯效唑处理降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量,从而降低了膜脂过氧化程度,提高了保护酶活性。采用80 mg/kg烯效唑浸种,在正常供水、中度干旱胁迫及重度干旱胁迫条件下,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性较对照均有不同程度的提高;苦荞株穗数、株粒数、百粒重较对照均有不同程度的提高。由此可见,80 mg/kg的烯效唑浸种可以提高苦荞的抗旱能力。