应用绿僵菜油剂防治内蒙草原蝗虫的效果

１９９９年在内蒙古草原进行了用绿僵菌油剂超低量喷雾防治蝗虫的试验。表明,对５种蝗虫（亚洲小车蝗、红翅皱膝蝗、毛足棒角蝗、白边痂蝗、轮纹异痂蝗）的防效显著。喷药后８天,对主要蝗虫亚洲小车蝗（占混合虫口的９２．２％）的防盗和达４８．０％,１２天后增至８８．１％。蝗虫死亡后２～３天,失水形成僵虫,７～１０天虫尸上出现绿色粉 绿例题菌孢子。孢子的扩散有可能继续起着控制蝗虫虫口的作用。     

Effects of feeding levels on growth performance,feed utilization,body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker,Myxocyprinus asiaticus

An experiment was conducted to determine effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients for juvenile Chinese sucker (initial weight, 11.77±0.22 g). Chinese sucker were fed a practical diet from 0% (starvation) to 4.0% (at 0.5% increments) body weight (bw) day^?1 for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient deposition, body composition and ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy were significantly (P<0.05) affected by feeding levels. Survival was the lowest for the starvation group. Final mean body weight, growth rate, thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC) increased with feeding rate from 0% to 3.0% bw day^?1 (P<0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Feed conversion rate was significantly lower at a feeding level of 2.5% bw day^?1 than above and below the level (P<0.05). Protein efficiency ratio was markedly highest at the 2.5% bw day^?1 ration level (P<0.05). Fish fed at the feeding level (1.0% bw day^?1), which represented a maintenance ration (energy gain was less than 2.27 kJ fish^?1 day^?1), showed positive protein deposition but negative lipid deposition. This indicates that fish fed a maintenance ration mobilize body lipid reserve to support protein deposition. Lipid contents of whole body, muscle and liver increased with increasing feeding rates from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day^?1 and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05). Protein contents of whole‐body composition increased with feeding rate from 0.5 to 3.0% bw day^?1 (P<0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P>0.05), whereas muscle and liver remained relatively stable with the different ration amount with the exception of fish fed a ration of 0.5% bw day^?1, at which Chinese sucker possessed significantly lower body protein concentration (P<0.05). The ADCs of dry matter, protein and energy decreased with increasing feeding levels from 0.5% to 3.0% bw day^?1 and then remained relatively constant over the level. Based on the broken‐line regression analysis using WG data, the optimum and maintenance feeding levels for Chinese sucker were 3.10% bw day^?1 and 0.45% bw day^?1 respectively.     

花毛茛和银莲花花瓣中花青素苷组成及含量与其花色的关系

以10个不同花色的花毛茛（Ranunculus asiaticus）和4个不同花色的银莲花（Anemone cathayensis）为材料，采用目视测色法，RHSCC 比色卡比色法，色差仪（CR-400）测定花瓣的花色表型，利用双光束紫外—可见光分光光度计（TU-1901）、高效液相色谱—电喷雾离子化—质谱连用技术（HPLC–ESI–MS）对花瓣中花青素苷的成分及结构进行测定，运用多元线性回归方法分析花色与花青素苷组成之间的关系。结果表明：8个积累花青素苷的花毛茛品种花瓣中检测到5种花青素苷元，即天竺葵素、矢车菊素、飞燕草素、芍药素和锦葵素，这些花青素苷元进一步修饰形成了15种花青素苷。红色系和粉色系品种以芍药素和矢车菊素为主要成分，黄色系品种以天竺葵素或类胡萝卜素为主要成分；经分析矢车菊素苷和天竺葵素苷含量均与亮度L*值呈显著正相关，其中天竺葵素苷的积累对花瓣亮度的贡献更大。银莲花4个品种花瓣中共检测出6种花青素苷元，分别为矮牵牛素、天竺葵素、矢车菊素、飞燕草素、芍药素和锦葵素，它们通过不同糖基化和酰基化修饰形成了20种花青素苷，呈现出丰富的花青素苷多样性。     

离体砂糖橘黄龙病病果中病菌浓度变化规律的探究

Early studies have revealed the uneven distribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) in Huanglongbing (HLB)-affected citrus trees. Bacteria of CLas were found to be enriched in the fruit, especially in the pith. In this study, we further investigated the dynamics of CLas population in excised citrus fruits. The CLas-infected Shatangju fruits were collected and kept for 4 weeks under constant temperature and moisture. The concentrations of CLas in the pith of fruits were detected weekly, and the fruits on trees were detected at the same time as the control. Our results showed that the total DNA, citrus DNA and CLas DNA from the excised fruits all decreased during the storage, but the CLas concentration in the pith of excised fruit increased firstly, and then decreased with time. The CLas concentrations in the pith of diseased fruit at 14 d and 28 d after picking were higher than that of the first day and reached the highest at 14 d. Comparing with the fruits on the tree, CLas concentrations in the pith of excised fruits were also significantly higher at the 14 d and 28 d. With the degrading of total DNA in fruit pith, the proportion of CLas DNA was increased, which could be served as a suitable material for the DNA extraction and CLas genome sequencing.     

取食不同牧草对亚洲小车蝗发育速率和类胰岛素信号通路的影响

亚洲小车蝗是重要的草地生物灾害,对不同牧草的食物适应存在差异。为揭示不同牧草对亚洲小车蝗生长发育的影响机理,本研究定量分析了取食不同牧草条件下亚洲小车蝗的发育速率和类胰岛素信号通路(ISP)基因表达。结果表明,西北针茅饲喂的亚洲小车蝗发育速率最高,ISP通路中gIGF1、gINSR、gIRS1、gPI_3K、gAKT及gmTor基因表达显著上调(P0.05),调控下游发育和代谢相关的表皮蛋白(cuticle protein, gLCP)、胰凝乳蛋白酶(chymotrypsin, gCHY)及α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-glucosidase, gALP)基因表达上调。相反,冷蒿饲喂的蝗虫发育速率显著降低(P0.05),上述基因显著下调(P0.05),调控下游解毒相关的gP450s 6K1、gUDP 2C1及gCarE基因表达上调。亚洲小车蝗ISP通路响应食物差异,调控发育速率,以适应更广泛的生态区域,这可能是其分布广、易暴发成灾的原因之一。     

自然环境中地面温度对亚洲小车蝗体温的影响

为了解白天地面温度对亚洲小车蝗体温的影响,2017年7月和2018年6-8月在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟的自然生境中6个地点开展了调查。结果表明:亚洲小车蝗的平均体温随地温变化,且在6:00-12:00和16:00-19:00内高于平均地温。地温与不同龄期和性别亚洲小车蝗体温之间呈极显著的非线性关系(P0.01)。体温只出现一次高峰,13:00左右的(39.3±0.2)℃;地温出现2次高峰,13:00左右的(42.0±0.5)℃和15:00左右的(38.9±0.4)℃。地温为31.5～38.3℃时,成虫的体温调节能力显著强于蝗蝻(P0.05);地温低于31.5℃和38.3～48.2℃时,蝗蝻的体温调节能力显著强于成虫(P0.05)。地温为26.1～40.0℃,雌虫的体温调节能力显著强于雄虫(P0.05);地温高于40.0℃,雄虫的体温调节能力显著强于雌虫(P0.05)。因此,地温可以作为监测该虫生长发育的因子为其防控提供依据。     

亚洲小车蝗飞行能力及其与种群密度的关系

在室内对我国北方草原优势种蝗虫--亚洲小车蝗（Oedaleus asiaticus）成虫连续悬吊飞行测试12 h,分析成虫飞行能力及其与种群密度的关系。结果表明,亚洲小车蝗高密度种群的飞行能力较强,最远的累计飞行距离可达15 km,累计飞行时间超过2 h。不同日龄的成虫飞行能力有显著差异,羽化后4日龄成虫的飞行能力较弱,以13日龄成虫的飞行能力最强,20日龄显示出下降趋势。雌雄个体间飞行能力无显著差异（P>0.05）。低密度种群成虫不具备远距离飞行的能力,各日龄成虫累计飞行距离和飞行时间均极显著短于同日龄的高密度区个体（P<0.01）。     

典型草原三种蝗虫种群竞争关系的研究

为探讨典型草原优势蝗虫种内、种间竞争模式,以及栖境对蝗虫种间竞争的影响,设计田间罩笼及正交试验分析研究了内蒙古典型草原3种优势蝗虫-亚洲小车蝗(Oedaleus asiaticus)、毛足棒角蝗(Dasyhippus barbipes)和鼓翅皱膝蝗(Angaracris barabensis)的种群竞争关系。结果表明,亚洲小车蝗和毛足棒角蝗的种内竞争随着密度的增加而加大,并随着栖境食物量的减少而加大;鼓翅皱膝蝗由于栖境不适,种内竞争与密度没有相关性;混合种群正交试验结果显示,亚洲小车蝗有较强的种间竞争能力,而栖境对毛足棒角蝗竞争能力的影响较大。表明栖境和种群密度影响蝗虫群落动态。栖境适合时,亚洲小车蝗种间竞争力大于其他两种蝗虫。     

基于模糊聚类法的亚洲小车蝗种群空间格局分析

根据平均拥挤度、聚块性指标、Morisita扩散型指数、聚集指标和扩散系数5项聚集度指标,分析了肃南县高山草原亚洲小车蝗种群的空间分布,并运用模糊聚类法对其空间格局进行了研究.结果表明:亚洲小车蝗种群的发生初期和末期为2个特殊发育阶段,空间格局表现为聚集分布,高龄蝗蝻和成虫混合发生期为均匀分布,在蝗蝻出土和交配产卵过程中表现为聚集分布.     

不同龄期及密度亚洲小车蝗取食对牧草产量的影响

采用田间罩笼和人工模拟取食两种方式,分别测定了亚洲小车蝗1～3龄、4龄、5龄和成虫在虫口密度5、15、30头/m²下取食牧草对草地产草量的影响。结果表明:低龄期蝗虫取食对牧草有明显的超补偿生长作用,产草量增加,罩笼试验产草量高于模拟取食试验;随亚洲小车蝗龄期增加,取食量加大,草地产草量迅速下降,成虫期产草量最低。罩笼方法与模拟方法结合能真实地反应蝗虫取食与草地产草量的相互关系。