不同驱虫药对伊犁马营养物质表观消化率的影响

[目的] 研究不同驱虫药对伊犁马营养物质表观消化率的影响,为驱虫药在马属动物养殖中的科学应用提供参考。[方法] 选择平均体重相近的1岁龄伊犁马40匹,随机分为5组,每组8匹（公母各半）,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组。在相同的饲养管理和日粮营养水平条件下,对照组马不驱虫,试验Ⅰ组马灌服伊维菌素乳剂0.1 mL/（kg·BW）,试验Ⅱ组马灌服吡喹酮片剂0.01 g/（kg·BW）,试验Ⅲ组马灌服阿苯达唑片剂0.025 g/（kg·BW）,试验Ⅳ组马灌服伊维菌素10 mg/（kg·BW）+阿苯达唑350 mg/（kg·BW）。驱虫后进行20 d的消化代谢试验,预试期15 d,正试期5 d;正试期采用全收粪法采集样品,测定或计算马营养物质消化代谢指标。[结果] 试验Ⅳ组的干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、粗蛋白（CP）、总能（GE）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、磷（P）采食量和排出量高于其他4组（P>0.05）。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的DM、OM、GE、NDF、ADF、Ca和P消化量与对照组相比均有所提升（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组的DM、OM、CP、GE、NDF、ADF、Ca和P表观消化率提高幅度分别为1.91%、1.87%、1.42%、2.27%、3.05%、2.13%、13.68%和2.06%（P>0.05）,试验Ⅲ组的DM、OM、GE、NDF、ADF、Ca和P表观消化率与对照组相比提高幅度分别为2.45%、2.83%、2.26%、2.10%、1.20%、20.24%和6.55%（P>0.05）;试验Ⅳ组除Ca的表观消化率高于对照组（P>0.05）,其余营养物质的表观消化率均低于对照组（P>0.05）。[结论] 在该试验条件下,单独使用吡喹酮片剂或阿苯达唑片剂对1岁龄伊犁马进行驱虫处理,对提高营养物质表观消化率表现出一定的积极作用。     

Eprinomectin 'pour-on' and the shedding of Haemonchus contortus eggs in experimentally infected goats

The effect of eprinomectin on goats experimentally infected with the nematode Haemonchus contortus was investigated. Faecal analysis showed that a single dose of eprinomectin 'pour-on' delayed the onset of shedding of eggs for 10 to 17 days.     

芬苯达唑的药理作用及其在动物生产中应用的研究进展

芬苯达唑是广谱、高效、低毒的苯并咪唑类驱虫药,对其理化性质、作用机理、药代动力学、毒理学、残留检测、耐药性和生产中的应用做简要综述,并对其今后的研究方向作出了展望,以期为芬苯达唑的合理使用提供参考。     

Implications of Fungicidal Effects of Benzimidazole Compounds on Duddingtonia flagrans in Integrated Nematode Parasite Management in Livestock

An in vitro trial with carbendazim fungicide on the growth profile of the predatory fungus Duddingtonia flagrans was undertaken and in vivo trials in sheep and buffaloes, fed on chlamydospores of D. flagrans and administered albendazole anthelmintic, were conducted. Although no growth inhibition was detected at a carbendazim concentration of 0.05 ppm, growth inhibition was recorded of 50% and above at concentrations of 0.25 and 1.00 ppm (p < 0.001) and of around 90% at concentrations of 2.00 to 5.00 ppm (p <0.0001). Scanty recovery of the fungus was made from faecal culture 48 h following a single dose of albendazole both in sheep and buffaloes. However, profuse fungal recovery was made from 96 h post dosing onwards. When the drug was used as an intraruminal slow-release capsule, no faecal fungal recovery could be made from day 3 after administration of the capsule, when the albendazole sulphoxide concentration was around 1.0 microg/ml. However, profuse and scanty fungal recovery could be made on days 1 and 2, respectively, after administration of the capsule, when the plasma albendazole sulphoxide concentration was around 0.4 and 0.9 microg/ml, respectively. The implications for use of a combination of anthelmintics and biological control in sustainable parasite control programmes are discussed.     

Accidental poisoning of a group of yearling cattle by the organophosphate insecticide trichloronat

Eight yearling cattle were accidentally poisoned with the agricultural organophosphate insecticide trichloronat. One animal showed signs of acute organophosphate poisoning and died. The others showed signs of chronic organophosphate poisoning (organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy) after 2–3 weeks and one animal died from renal failure at 12 weeks. High levels of trichloronat were measured in fat samples at 6 1/2 weeks. The remaining animals still showed signs of ataxia, possibly due to distal axonopathy, 1 year later but no trichloronat was detected in fat samples at this time.     

Total Anthelmintic Failure to Control Nematode Parasites of Small Ruminants on Government Breeding Farms in Sabah,East Malaysia

Government-owned small-ruminant breeding farms in Malaysia provide the source of sheep and goats to smallholder farmers in the country. In the eastern Malaysian state of Sabah, high-level stock losses have been recorded on these farms for several years, frequently accompanied by clinical signs indicating pathogenic levels of infections with the nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus. This suggests that their dependence on chemotherapy to control parasite infections had failed. Accordingly, tests for anthelmintic efficacy using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) on the range of drugs used to control nematode parasites were carried out on the five government small-ruminant breeding farms in Sabah. These tests showed a total failure of the benzimidazole, imidothiazole, macrocyclic lactone and salicylanilide groups of anthelmintics to control H. contortus infections of sheep and goats on all farms. Drastic changes in animal management need to be made in an attempt to deal with this situation, for which suggestions are made.