云南西双版纳普文山地雨林植物区系研究

采用样地调查法对云南西双版纳普文山地雨林植物区系进行了研究。结果表明:其山地雨林有维管束植物83种,隶属48科76属。该植物区系科、属的分布区类型组成均以热带分布为主,分别占总科数和总属数的81.24%和89.47%,温带成分分别占8.34%和5.26%。种的分布区类型组成以热带亚洲分布为主,占总种数的49.40%;其次是中国特有分布种,占25.30%;热带分布种占70.33%,温带分布种占8.43%。这些特征均表明该植物区系热带性质显著,特有种丰富,并具有明显的热带亚洲植物区系特点和热带北缘性质,属热带亚洲植物区系向东亚植物区系的过渡区。     

西双版纳傣族传统土地制度研究

西双版纳傣族传统土地制度具有鲜明的民族特色：农民内部具有平等假象,生活相对宽裕,与领主结成一种看似合理的权利义务关系。同时,由于对佛教宿命观的笃信,造成农民人身上对土地的长期依附,思想上对领主土地所有权的默认以及对不平等剥削的集体无意识。因此,与其他地区相比,其阶级矛盾较为和缓,形成一种恒定、和谐的社会结构与生产生活秩序,封建领主制更藉此稳定持续了近800年。     

西双版纳香荚兰庭院种植模式的实施与思考

回顾了2002年在西双版纳实施香荚兰庭院种植项目的过程和结果,总结经验,提出了继续实施这一项目的建议和改进办法;提出了通过各种种植模式,因地制宜地发展香荚兰庭院种植,有可能把香荚兰发展成为西双版纳热区一种高经济收入的特色产业。     

Ecological process of leaf litter decomposition in tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. III. Enzyme dynamics

We tested the dynamics of nine enzymes during leaf litter decomposition in Xishuangbanna tropical rain-forest both in the field and laboratory to explore the response of enzyme dynamics to decomposition under different food-web structures. We used coarse and fine (1 mm and 100 μm mesh size, respectively) litterbags in the field to create different food-web structures during litter decomposition. Most soil macrofauna such as nematodes could access only the coarse mesh litterbags, leaving only microbiota, such as mites, in the fine mesh litterbags. In the laboratory, sterilization and inoculation were adopted to investigate different enzyme dynamics with nematodes or only microbiota participating in litter decomposition. Invertase and amylase increased more for shorter food webs at the early stages of decomposition, while activities of endocellulase, β-glucosidase, xylanase and polyphenoloxydase increased to their maxima at the later stages, but greater increase occurred with extended food webs. Invertase and amylase had negative relationships and endocellulase, β-glucosidase, xylanase and polyphenoloxydase had positive relationships with litter decomposition (mass loss). The activities of enzymes responded to the process of litter decomposition. Invertase and amylase played key roles for microbiota utilizing the substrates at early stages of decomposition, while endocellulase, β-glucosidase, xylanase and polyphenoloxydase worked on the further decay of recalcitrant compounds at later stages. All enzymes related to carbon decay acted as effective indicators of litter decomposition. The decomposition of plant organic matter was essentially an enzymatic process. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version), 2008, 32(3): 622–631 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

云南西双版纳橡胶树死皮病高发原因及控制措施探讨

从宏观农业角度,探讨西双版纳植胶区植胶环境和经营管理条件与橡胶树死皮病（TPD）的关系,尝试说明该区域死皮病高发的原因,提出了通过改善生产管理控制该病害的措施。     

Agrobiodiversity loss and livelihood vulnerability as a consequence of converting from subsistence farming systems to commercial plantation‐dominated systems in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan, China: A household level analysis

Production of rice (Oryza sativa) under a shifting cultivation system (swidden rice) and paddy fields (wet rice) is an important livelihood strategy in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China where households are facing conversion from subsistence systems to commercial plantation‐dominated systems represented by smallholder rubber plantations. However, there are few studies of the effects on rice production and varieties diversity, as well as livelihood effects at a household level during this conversion. This paper presents a household level analysis of agrobiodiversity loss and food security, as well as livelihood vulnerability during agroecosystems' conversion in Xishuangbanna. First, a quantitative assessment was made of the statistical data for rice and rubber production during the past 50 years in Xishuangbanna and at a village level from 1985 to 2005 for three villages from the valley floor and upland hills, respectively. Second, at a household level, 60 per cent of households from the three villages were investigated with a questionnaire from 1998 to 2005. The process of transformation has led to significant changes in the household's income and its proportion. Meanwhile, households have suffered livelihood vulnerability from excessive rubber plantations. The centrality of rice in Southeast Asian agricultural and social systems, contrasted with the significant erosion of rice‐based agroecosystem of local households, calls for increased attention to the livelihood vulnerability during this conversion. Correspondingly, practical strategies to resolve livelihood vulnerability are proposed, such as construction of paddy and effective irrigation systems for food security, agroforestry systems in rubber plantation, instead of monoculture, and diversification of sources of household income. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大面积东试早柚种植中出现的问题与建议

云南西双版纳《1000亩东试早柚标准化种植示范园建设》是国营东风农场2006年承建的国家农业综合开发优势特色农产品开发示范项目,文章概述了项目实施情况和存在问题,提出了发展建议。     

西双版纳2009/2010年秋冬春连旱对橡胶生产的影响

由于大气环流的异常影响,云南西双版纳州2009/2010年秋冬春气候异常,出现了本州自有气象记录以来最严重的秋冬春连旱。异常的高温干旱对橡胶树造成了严重影响:橡胶树物候异常、病虫害频发、开割时间比往年推迟10～30d、干胶减产;橡胶树抗旱定植困难大、成本高;随干旱而至的大风、冰雹灾害严重,造成严重经济损失。     

西双版纳普文林场热带雨林恢复的实践

近50年来,通过树种调查、繁殖技术研究、造林试验,在西双版纳普文林场,成功地培育出8种热带雨林标志树种的人工林及7种热带山地雨林标志性树种的人工林,并散生培育热带雨林树种12个。还在热区退化地造林中评选出了2个造林先锋树种。它们既形成了高大整齐的林分外貌,也逐步形成了多层次多物种的森林复层结构。在这些人工林下出现了众多的雨林标志树种的天然更新幼苗幼树,说明这些人工林所形成的雨林环境具有可持续经营性。实践表明,西双版纳的热带雨林是可人工恢复的。     

西双版纳绿色生态茶园建设探析

针对西双版纳茶园建设存在的问题,提出营造绿色生态茶园的措施,并分析了建设绿色生态茶园的效益,以期为当地茶园建设提供参考。