胡麻籽原料的质量品质对胡麻油品质的影响

[目的]系统地研究胡麻籽原料的质量品质对胡麻油品质的影响,促进胡麻油安全生产。[方法]在相同检测条件下,研究不同胡麻籽空秕率、不同原料管理水平对胡麻油相应品质的影响。[结果]在空秕水平下,秕胡麻籽样与对照籽样产生的胡麻油在特征指标方面无明显区别;所有供检样碘值、相对密度均明显超标;在不同原料管理水平下,发霉样对胡麻油品质均有明显影响,羰基价严重超标,对照样碘值明显超标,发霉、对照样皂化值、相对密度均超标。[结论]胡麻籽原料的质量品质对胡麻油品质有较大影响,应注重对胡麻籽原料的保管,防止发霉超期原料的销售。     

亚麻仁油钙盐对鹌鹑蛋黄脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验将180只8周龄鹌鹑随机分为4组,分别在日粮中添加0%、1.5%、2.5%和5.0%亚麻仁油钙盐。试验期为20周,其结果表明,与对照组相比,蛋黄中C18∶3和二十二碳六烯酸(DHAC22∶6)的含量显著增加(P<0.05);亚油酸(C18∶2)的含量差异不显著(P>0.05);花生四烯酸(C20∶4)含量和n-6/n-3比率显著降低(P<0.05)。蛋黄中脂肪酸C18∶3含量与亚麻仁油钙盐添加比率间关系为Y=0.1326X-0.0066(r=0.9965)。日粮中亚麻仁油钙盐适宜的添加量为1.5%。     

2甲4氯除草肥对胡麻的安全性试验研究

采用盆栽试验和完全随机的方法,研究了2甲4氯除草剂与肥料混用在胡麻田中的安全性,对不同浓度2甲4氯除草肥处理的胡麻及其模拟杂草的出苗数、株高、鲜重等形态指标及胡麻的硝酸还原酶、过氧化物酶(POD)活性2项生理指标进行了测定分析。结果表明:2甲4氯用量为1.125 kg/hm2时,可与肥料混用作为胡麻田良好的除草肥。     

去盲肠鸡和未去盲肠鸡测定花生粕、胡麻粕、芝麻粕氨基酸消化率的研究

分别用２４只去盲肠和未去盲肠健康公鸡，测定了花生粕、胡麻粕和芝麻粕的氨基酸消化率。结果表明：去盲肠鸡内源氨基酸排泄量显著高于未去盲肠鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）；在花生粕中，胱氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸的ＡＡＤ未去盲肠鸡显著高于去盲肠鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）；在胡麻粕和芝麻粕中，除酪氨酸和脯氨酸外，其它各种氨基酸及１６种氨基酸总和的ＡＡＡＤ和ＴＡＡＤ未去盲肠鸡显著高于去盲肠鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）。鸡盲肠微生物对内源及饲料中未消化蛋白质、多肽及氨基酸具有分解作用，干扰饲料ＡＡＡＤ和ＴＡＡＤ测定。对于不易消化、氨基酸含量相对不平衡的低品质蛋白质饲料干扰尤其严重。在测定的３种饼粕中，花生粕氨基酸消化率最高，胡麻粕次之。过度热处理的芝麻粕氨基酸平均消化率为４７．３％，赖氨酸消化率为２１．７％。     

Effect of a linseed diet or a sunflower diet on performances, fatty acid composition, lipogenic enzyme activities and stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activity in the pig

The aim of this study was to compare the influence of a high α-linolenic acid (ALA) diet (linseed diet) and a high linoleic acid (LA) diet (sunflower diet) on performances of pigs, on the dietetical quality of their tissues (adipose tissues and muscles), and on the lipogenic potential of these tissues. Growth and carcass performances, and the lipid content of the tissues were not affected by the diet. Feeding the linseed diet increased the content of n-3 PUFA and decreased the LA/ALA ratios in all the tissues, while the sunflower diet led to an increase in the n-6 PUFA contents. Neither the stearoyl-CoA-desaturase and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase activities nor the β-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase activity were affected by the diet. Acetyl-CoA-carboxylase and fatty acid synthase activities were enhanced with the linseed diet in respectively subcutaneous adipose tissue and intermuscular adipose tissue, while malic enzyme activity was decreased in liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs fed the linseed diet.     

世界油用亚麻生产发展回顾与展望

简要概述了亚麻籽在食品、保健和饲料等领域的利用价值和最新进展。依据FAO的统计数据对过去半个世纪世界亚麻籽生产和贸易进行了分析,结果显示,截止到2007年中国是世界亚麻籽生产第二大国,仅低于加拿大,产量为4．8×10^5t,占世界总产量的25．6％,同时也是亚麻籽进口大国,世界排名第四,说明中国亚麻籽生产处于供不应求状态,未来还有广阔的发展空间。通过对市场开发前景、油用亚麻的生物学特点和作物比较效益等的分析,提出在中国北方发展亚麻籽生产的必要性和可行性。     

旱地油用亚麻优化施肥的研究

通过５年多点氮磷肥料田间试验,对内蒙古自治区干旱、半干旱区旱地油用亚麻合理施肥进行了研究。提出了根据基础产量进行土壤肥力分级的氮磷肥料效应回归模式及最佳施肥量。在此基础上进一步探讨了不同年度降水量与肥料效应的关系,结果表明,年度降水量是影响产量和施肥肥效的主要因素,是确定旱地施肥配方的重要依据。为此,提出了以基础产量划分土壤肥力等级,同时考虑年度降水量的旱地油用亚麻氮磷肥料推荐施肥量,为无灌溉旱作地区油用亚麻合理施肥提供了科学依据。     

Environmental effects on linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) yield and growth of flax at different stand densities

The effect of environmental factors and stand density on linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) yield was investigated by examining yield components and development rates from 4 years of field experiments carried out at Viterbo, Central Italy, in which different seed rates were tested. Spring sowings were carried out using the linseed cultivar ‘Mikael’. Growth analysis using the functional approach and modelling using the SUCROS model for potential production parameterized for linseed were used to carry out a more detailed analysis of environmental effects.

Linseed yields varied greatly in response to weather and soil type but showed very little effect of plant density. The crop was able to compensate for reduced stand densities mainly by increasing the number of capsules per plant. All yield components were significantly influenced by weather as represented by the year of sowing. Growth analysis showed that the unit leaf rate had higher values at lower stand densities, suggesting that self-shading at higher densities decreased the efficiency of the foliage. The environmental factors most likely to affect yields were high temperature, due to its effect on development rate, and the consequent shortening of the growing cycle and perhaps water shortage. The foliage duration was more important than the maximum leaf area index.     

Biocomposites based on flax short fibres and linseed oil

Insulating materials based on flax short fibres were prepared and their functional properties enhanced using linseed oil. In order to improve biocomposites hydrophobicity, the linseed oil was added to the initial formulation, mixed with the fibres and finally dried after the moulding process. Thus, the average water absorption of 10-40/140 g/g oil/fibres samples was reduced up to 10 times during the first hour of immersion, compared to the reference oil-free materials. Moreover, the linseed oil polymerization inside the lignocellulosic matrix, which occurred after 20 days of drying at 50 °C, also improved mechanical and thermal behaviour of biocomposites. Spontaneous combustion phenomena related to the exothermic oxidation-polymerization of linseed oil were described as well. Therefore, the process parameters such as oil/fibres ratio, drying time and temperature, were optimized to ensure the safety of the process and to avoid self ignition of the lignocellulosic fraction at temperatures below 200 °C.     

高寒区种植胡麻的氮肥施用量

在高寒山区瘠薄土壤上种植胡麻，每亩施入４ｋｇ以下纯氮时，产量随施氮量增加而提高；每亩施入４ｋｇ以上６ｋｇ以下纯氮时，氮肥的经济效益逐渐降低；每亩施入６ｋｇ以上９．２ｋｇ以下时，胡麻产量达到最高；每亩投施９．２ｋｇ以上时，产量开始降低。因此，在瘠薄土壤上种植胡麻合理施氮量为每亩４～９．２ｋｇ纯氮，最适施氮量为每亩８．８ｋｇ纯氮。