"麦-玉-薯"旱三熟制施钾效果的研究

通过对“小麦-玉米-甘薯”旱三熟连续3年9茬作物（玉米、甘薯、小麦）施用氯化钾试验结果的灰色关联分析表明：增施钾肥和有机肥能提高“麦-玉-薯”旱三熟生产系统的稳定性；作物经济产量随施钾量提高而提高，增施有机肥也可显著提高作物产量，特别是玉米、甘薯的生物产量；在保证无机氮、无机磷供应的前提下，中钾处理增产效果高于低钾加有机肥处理，而低钾处理增产效果又高于有机肥；有机肥及钾肥能显著提高玉米、小麦的粗蛋白含量、穗粒数、千粒重，促进甘薯薯块增大增重。土壤速效钾含量随着施钾量增加而增加。     

喷施KCl对油菜光合产物及籽粒产量和品质的影响

[目的]探求油菜优质高产栽培途径。[方法]采用土培试验,在油菜盛花期对其茎叶喷施质量分数为1.00%的KC l溶液、质量分数为1.17%的K2SO4溶液和清水,于角果初期和收获期采样,测定油菜光合产物、可溶性糖含量和游离氨基酸含量。[结果]与对照相比,喷施1.00%KC l溶液提高了角果初期功能叶叶绿素a含量,叶、茎及花果可溶性糖含量和游离氨基酸含量,并降低了收获期叶、茎可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量,使籽粒产量平均增加10.20%,籽粒油分、油酸和亚油酸含量分别平均提高了4.40%、10.60%、11.40%,蛋白质、芥酸和硫苷含量分别平均降低了5.10%、9.70%、3.70%。喷施K2SO4与对照间差异不显著,与喷施KC l间差异显著。[结论]该试验结果为提高油菜产量及品质研究提供了理论依据。     

NaCl和KCl胁迫对甜菜幼苗生长的影响

以甜菜品种HI0466为供试材料,通过水培试验,研究NaCl和KCl胁迫(0mmol/L(CK)、NaCl和KCl分别为100 mmol/L、200 mmol/L、280 mmol/L 7个处理)对甜菜幼苗生物量、叶面积及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:低浓度NaCl和KCl胁迫对甜菜幼苗生长、叶面积就产生一定的抑制作用,随着胁迫浓度的增加,对甜菜幼苗生长和叶片膨大抑制更加严重,并且高浓度KCl胁迫导致甜菜幼苗33.3%的致死率,对甜菜根系伤害和叶面积降低亦甚为严重。低浓度NaCl和KCl以及中浓度NaCl胁迫未影响甜菜幼苗叶片叶绿素的含量;中浓度KCl胁迫已经明显降低叶绿素含量;高浓度NaCl和KCl胁迫均显著降低甜菜幼苗叶片叶绿素含量,KCl胁迫甚为严重。因此,随着NaCl和KCl胁迫浓度的升高,甜菜幼苗生长抑制作用不断加重,中高浓度胁迫下KCl比NaCl盐害更重。     

Type and placement of zinc fertilizer impacts cadmium content of harvested durum wheat grain

Due to potential international marketing concerns, North Dakota durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Desf.) producers require strategies that limit cadmium (Cd) in harvested grain. These trials were conducted in order to determine the impact of type and placement of zinc (Zn) fertilizer on harvested grain seed Cd levels and to determine the best timing of foliar Zn-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Foliar Zn-EDTA applied at Feekes 10 growth stage had the lowest grain Cd of 0.97 mg kg^?1 when evaluating different fertilizer sources and application timings. Application of 22.4 kg ha^?1 potassium chloride with the seed at planting resulted in the highest grain Cd of 0.151 mg kg^?1 and might be a concern when environmental conditions are conducive for Cd uptake from soil. Stepwise linear regression determined that soil pH and chloride explained 96% of the variability of grain Cd. Applying 1.1 kg Zn ha^?1 as foliar Zn-EDTA in combination with 33 kg nitrogen ha^?1 at Feekes 10.54 growth stage resulted in significantly lower grain Cd, and significantly higher grain Zn, iron, and protein content. Treatments that significantly lowered grain Cd did not decrease grain yield, test weight, or protein content. The treatments that most reduced grain Cd resulted in the most benefits from a production, marketing, and nutritional standpoint and represents an agronomic approach to biofortification of durum wheat.     

Mitigation of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings through physiological seed enhancements

Salinity stress can be mitigated by using the physiological seed enhancements. Kharchia 65 (salt tolerant) and PI.94341 (salt sensitive) genotypes were evaluated under salt stress (20 dS/m) by various priming treatments, that is hydropriming and halopriming (50?mmol, KCl and NaCl) in a pot study. Experiment was conducted in completely randomized design under factorial arrangements with three replications. Priming agents improved the final emergence percentage (FEP), emergence index (EI) and reduced the mean emergence time of both wheat genotypes under normal and saline conditions as compared to non-primed seed. Priming treatments elicited the efficiency of wheat seedlings by increasing both Fv/Fm and Ft under both normal and salt stress conditions which were strongly linked with low Na⁺ and high K⁺. In conclusion, all three priming agents effectively nullified the deleterious effects of salt stress by improving seed emergence and triggering the physiological attributes of wheat.     

不同施钾方法对大麻产量的影响

结果表明 :在施钾与不施钾的情况下 ,大麻株高生长符合Logistic曲线方程 ;大麻施钾能显著提高麻皮产量 ,不同的施钾量和施肥方法增产效果有差异 ,以 30 0kg/hm2 氯化钾追施增产效果最好 ;钾肥追施能提高麻皮厚度 ,基肥和追肥并用能增加纤维长度和麻皮张力     

氯化钾在海胆苗种生产中的应用综述

综述了ＫＣｌ在诱导亲海胆排放精卵,八腕幼虫附着变态,稚海胆剥离方面的应用０．１～０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＣｌ可刺激亲海胆性腺强烈收缩而排放精卵;１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＣｌ诱导处理红海胆八腕幼虫５ｍｉｎ即可全部变态为正常的稚海胆,５０～８０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＣｌ剥离稚红海胆在３０ｍｉｎ以内是安全,可靠,有效的１０ｍｉｎ以内即可全剥离下来。     

土壤矿质氮分析方法的影响因素研究

为探明土壤矿质氮分析方法的影响因素,应用采自果园、菜园、麦田、麦田休闲地和草地的5种土样,研究了土样预处理方式、KCl浸提液的保存方式对用连续流动分析仪测定土壤矿质氮具体测定方法的影响。结果表明,土样预处理方式和浸提液保存方式都不同程度地影响土壤中矿质氮的测定结果。方差分析结果进一步表明各种影响因子对土壤硝态氮含量测定值的影响较铵态氮大。采用鲜土直接测定、KCl浸提液不保存直接用连续流动分析仪测定能更准确地反映出土壤矿质氮的实际含量。     

蛇葡萄素对家兔离体子宫平滑肌收缩性能的影响

目的:探讨蛇葡萄素(Ampeloptin,AP)对多种物质诱导的子宫平滑肌收缩的抑制作用.方法:离体子宫平滑肌实验方法.结果:AP能够显著抑制子宫平滑肌自律性及氯化钾、缩宫素诱导的家兔离体子宫平滑肌收缩反应.AP对高K 除极化后Ca2 诱导的子宫平滑肌收缩有松弛作用.AP对缩宫素所致子宫的依内钙收缩及CaCl2引起的依外钙收缩均有明显抑制作用,且对前者抑制作用更为明显.结论:AP对家兔离体子宫平滑肌有较好的松弛作用.