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21.
Anthony S. Davis Douglass F. Jacobs Kevyn E. Wightman Zonda K. D. Birge 《New Forests》2006,31(2):293-303
Bareroot hardwood seedling production involves intensive soil management. To increase soil organic matter (OM), nurseries
commonly grow a cover crop for 1 year after every 1–2 year of seedling production. Raising soil OM levels can also be achieved
through addition of soil amendments. We studied the influence of chicken manure (CM) and composted leaf, tree, and lawn trimmings
(Cp) on soil properties and morphology of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. CM was applied at 725, 1450, or 2900 kg ha−1 (CM725, CM1450, and CM2900, respectively) and Cp was applied at 200 m3 ha−1. Addition of CM and Cp significantly raised soil OM levels and altered soil chemical properties compared to the control (Ctrl).
Root-collar diameter increased with addition of CM1450, CM2900, or Cp compared to CM725 or Ctrl plots for northern red oak,
but was largest in soils amended with CM2900 for green ash. Conversely, height was greatest with addition of CM725 for northern
red oak, but green ash seedlings were shorter in Ctrl plots than in all amendments except for CM725. Root volume of green
ash and northern red oak seedlings was positively influenced by addition of CM or Cp. Seedling responses to nursery soil amendments
vary with different forms and amounts of OM. Benefits to seedling growth through application of appropriate materials in the
proper balance can improve seedling morphological quality and positively influence soil chemical properties. 相似文献
22.
23.
Rosa C. Goodman Juan A. Oliet Joshua L. Sloan Douglass F. Jacobs 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(1):153-164
Physiological mechanisms by which nitrogen (N) fertilization affects growth and development in temperate deciduous forest trees are not clearly understood, especially under intensive silvicultural systems. Grafted, Tippecanoe 1 cultivar black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) trees were grown in an intensively managed plantation in west-central Spain and subjected to six, fixed-nutrient-ratio complete fertilizer treatments (defined as 0, 25, 50, 75, 150, and 300 g N tree?1) delivered via daily fertigation. Leaf chemistry and morphology were evaluated from June to September, and gas exchange was measured in July. Specific leaf mass, leaflet nitrogen (N), and chlorophyll concentrations varied over the course of the growing season, yet consistently increased with increasing fertilization. Net photosynthesis at ambient (A net) and light-saturated (A max) conditions increased from the unfertilized control to lowest treatment (25 g N) but did not increase at higher fertilizer rates. Photosynthetic N and chlorophyll use efficiencies decreased with increasing fertilization, but photosynthetic phosphorus and water use efficiencies increased. Transpiration rates and dark respiration were not significantly affected by treatment. Overall, the lowest fertilizer treatment (25 g N) had the greatest photosynthetic efficiency. Interactions between N and other nutrients with increasing fertilizer application suggested potential for nutrient imbalances at high fertilization rates. Our results provide a physiological justification for the use of low-to-moderate fertilization as an efficient strategy to promote black walnut plantation establishment under intensive cultural systems. 相似文献
24.
Mercedes Uscola Juan A. Oliet Pedro Villar-Salvador Eugenio Díaz-Pinés Douglass F. Jacobs 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(2):235-246
Most studies examining inorganic N form effects on growth and nutrition of forest trees have been conducted on single species from boreal or temperate environments, while comparative studies with species from other biomes are scarce. We evaluated the response of two Mediterranean trees of contrasting ecology, Quercus ilex L. and Pinus halepensis Mill., to cultivation with distinct inorganic N forms. Seedlings were fertilized with different NH4 +/NO3 ? proportion at either 1 or 10 mM N. In both species, N forms had small effects at low N concentration, but at high N concentration they markedly affected the plant performance. A greater proportion of NH4 + in the fertilizer at high N caused toxicity as it reduced growth and caused seedling death, with the effect being greater in Q. ilex than in P. halepensis. An increase in the proportion of NO3 ? at high N strongly enhanced growth relative to low N plants in P. halepensis but had minor effects in Q. ilex. Relatively more NH4 + in the fertilizer enhanced plant P concentration but reduced K concentration in both species, while the opposite effect occurred with NO3 ?, and these effects were enhanced under high N concentration. We conclude that species responses to inorganic N forms were related to their ecology. P. halepensis, a pioneer tree, had improved performance with NO3 ? at high N concentration and showed strong plasticity to changes in N supply. Q. ilex, a late successional tree, had low responsiveness to N form or concentration. 相似文献
25.
Cor triatrium dexter with Budd-Chiari syndrome and a review of ascites in young dogs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. M. Otto M. Mahaffey C. Jacobs A. Binhazim 《The Journal of small animal practice》1990,31(8):385-389
Ascites with accumulation of a true or modified transudate, is relatively uncommon in young dogs. When it does occur, congenital defects of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or renal systems, infectious diseases and trauma must be considered. Cor triatrium dexter, an abnormal membrane obstructing the caudal vena cava at the level of the right atrium, was diagnosed in an eight-month-old cocker spaniel presented with ascites. 相似文献
26.
27.
R. M. Jacobs J. L. Heeney M. A. Godkin K. E. Leslie J. A. Taylor C. Davies V. E. O. Valli 《Veterinary research communications》1991,15(6):463-474
A newly developed milk dot blot test was used to detect anti-bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) antibody in milk samples from 2079 lactating adult cows from among 61 herds. The milk dot blot test was highly repeatable; the concordance rate, compared with the agar gel immunodiffusion test performed on serum, was 83.5%. All herds contained BLV-positive cows; the prevalence rate was 36%. BLV-positive cows tended to come from larger herds and were older and more often later in lactation. Fourteen production and related variables (herd size, age, days open, days in milk, milk somatic cell count, milk, fat, and protein produced in the current lactation, projected production of milk, fat, and protein, and breed class average deviations for milk, fat, and protein) were compared between BLV-positive and BLV-negative cows. Although somatic cell count, milk produced, and projected production of milk and protein were related significantly to BLV status using simple tests of association, once the variables herd size, age and days in milk were controlled, these differences were removed. Further analyses using logistic (outcome: individual cow BLV status) and least-squares regression (outcome:herd proportion of BLV-positive cows) failed to show an association between any of the measured production or related variables and BLV-positivity. We concluded that the effect of BLV on production and related variables in dairy cows was below the sensitivity of our analytical techniques or was non-existent.Abbreviations ABCA
herd average breed class average for milk, fat, and protein production
- AVGAGE
average age of the herd
- ADIM
herd average for days in milk
- AGID
agar gel immunodiffusion
- AVGSCC
herd average milk somatic cell count
- BCA
breed class average, a milk, fat and protein production index calculated by comparing a cow's actual 305-day lactation production to the corresponding BCA standard for the same breed, age, and month of calving
- BLV
bovine leukaemia virus
- CALVINT
calving interval
- COWAGE
cow age
- DBCA
breed class average deviation for milk, fat, and protein production, the difference between an individual cow's BCA and the herd average
- DIM
days in milk
- HS
herd size corresponding to the number of lactating cows in a herd
- LACT
actual amount of milk, fat, and protein produced in a cow's lactation
- ODHIC
Ontario Dairy Herd Improvement Corporation
- PCTPOS
percentage of herd that is BLV-positive
- PROJ
projected 305-day production for milk, fat, and protein by fitting to a standard lactation curve adjusted for days in milk and age at calving
- RHBCA
rolling herd average for breed class average for milk, fat, and protein production, the average for all cows that completed a lactation (cows must have completed a 305-day lactation) during the previous 12 months
- SCC
milk somatic cell count 相似文献
28.
Diagnosis of right coronary artery to right atrial fistula in a dog using two-dimensional echocardiography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. J. Jacobs C. A. Calvert D. G. Hall M. Kraus 《The Journal of small animal practice》1996,37(8):387-390
A five-year-old boxer dog developed cardiac murmurs, complete heart block and car-diomegaly associated with vegetative bacterial endocarditis. Using two-dimensional echocardiography, vegetative lesions of the aortic valves and extension of the vegetations into the proximal right coronary artery and adjacent atrial septum were identified. The vegetation within the atrial septum appeared as a cavitated mass which protruded into the right atrium. Fistulae within the atrial septal vegetation permitting communication between the coronary artery and right atrium were observed with colour Doppler echocardiography. The dog died despite medical treatment. Post mortem examination confirmed the echo-cardiographic findings. Vegetative endocarditis with invasion into the right coronary artery and atrial septum producing fistulae and communication with the right atrium has not been reported previously in dogs. Doppler echocardiography proved useful in demonstrating the abnormal anatomy, intraluminal fistular blood flow and its communication with the right atrium. 相似文献
29.
Intestinal malabsorption and cryptosporidiosis in an adult dog 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
C E Greene G J Jacobs D Prickett 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,197(3):365-367
Chronic intestinal cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed as the cause of chronic diarrhea and weight loss in an adult dog without obvious signs of immunosuppression. Results of tests for digestive function suggested that the dog had impaired intestinal absorption or bacterial overgrowth. The nutrient malabsorption might have resulted in or have been caused by the cryptosporidiosis. Temporary clinical improvement without reduction in fecal oocyst concentration was noticed following treatment with clindamycin. The dog was euthanatized. At necropsy, the dog was found to have chronic lymphoplasmacytic enteritis and cryptosporidiosis. A veterinary student that worked in the ward where the dog was kept developed cryptosporidal diarrhea. 相似文献
30.
Primate color vision 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3