烟粉虱无公害治理有效药剂的研究

研究了 1 1种杀虫剂对烟粉虱的田间防治效果。结果表明 :吡虫啉浓可溶剂、吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、啶虫脒乳油、锐劲特悬乳剂、阿维菌素乳油、啶虫辛乳油和辛吡乳油对烟粉虱具有较高的防治效果 ,且毒性低 ,是无公害农产品生产中控制烟粉虱的理想药剂     

斜纹夜蛾的抗药性及其治理策略

分析了斜纹夜蛾的抗药性特点、现状及其抗药性机理,提出了斜纹夜蛾的抗药性治理策略。     

几种药剂防治苹果绵蚜药效试验

为了筛选化学防治苹果绵蚜的药剂及施药方法,笔者选用了目前市场上常见的40%毒死蜱乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油、10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、22%毒.氯乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油+10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂+增效剂6个药剂进行处理,使用东方红牌高压机动喷雾器,采用淋洗式的施药方法,对苹果绵蚜进行药效试验,试验结果表明,这6种药剂,在药后7 d的防治效果均达到90%以上,防治效果理想。     

生物药剂对枸杞蓟马的毒力及田间药效

[目的]筛选出有效防治枸杞蓟马的生物药剂.[方法]通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验研究6种生物药剂对枸杞蓟马的防治效果.[结果]生物药剂6％乙基多杀菌素、0.4％蛇床子素和0.01％斑蟊素对枸杞蓟马具有较好的控制作用,尤其是6％乙基多杀菌素不仅速效性好而且持效期长,药后7d防效为96.43％,药后14 d防效达72.44％.[结论]6％乙基多杀菌素、0.4％蛇床子素和0.01％斑蟊素是防治枸杞蓟马的理想生物药剂,可在生产中示范和应用.     

杀虫剂对褐稻虱种群控制作用的评价

本文应用干扰作用控制指数分析不同类型杀虫剂对褐稻虱的作用.褐稻虱繁殖力强,天敌作用明显,试验结果说明,广谱性杀虫剂喹硫磷,由于对天敌作用的明显干扰,干扰作用控制指效值达2.69倍。即其下代数量将为对照的2.69倍;特异性杀虫剂扑虱灵,对褐稻虱的作用明显,对其天敌比较安全,其干扰作用控制指数值为0.37。即其下代数量明显下降,收到良好效果,干扰作用控制指数表达了杀虫剂对害虫种群的控制作用、包括对天敌干扰作用的总体效果。特异性杀虫剂在解决有害生物协调管理将会起着良好的作用。     

荔蝽中乙酰胆碱酯酶活性与自然抗药性的关系

本文研究了荔蝽头部乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性的季节性变化与自然抗药性的关系,以及敌百虫对AChE的影响,同时运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,探讨了荔蝽酯酶同功酶的变动情况。结果表明:荔蝽正常成虫头部AChE活性在新羽化成虫中最高,比活力达3.5μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质,越冬期最低,仅1.17μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质,到生殖期又上升为2.67μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质。经敌百虫处理后,在新羽化成虫期和生殖期AChE活性有明显被抑制现象,其比活力分别为2.21μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质和2.04μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质,而在越冬期AChE活性几乎不受敌百虫影响,为1.24μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质,同功酶谱也显示AChE在不同季节中无明显变化。     

杀虫剂对土壤的污染及对土壤中有益生物的影响

本文综述了杀虫剂对土壤的污染及其对土壤中有益生物如微生物、天敌昆虫、益螨和蜘蛛等的生命活动的影响,并建议珍惜保护土壤,更合理有效地使用杀虫剂。     

昆虫保幼激素及其类似物的应用研究进展

介绍了昆虫保幼激素及其类似物应用于杀虫剂和昆虫生长调节剂的研究情况,并展望了昆虫保幼激素及其类似物的应用前景。     

Cell death localization in situ in laboratory reared honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) larvae treated with pesticides

In this study, cell death detected by DNA fragmentation labeling and phosphatidylserine (PS) localization was investigated in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) midgut, salivary glands and ovaries after treating larvae with different pesticides offered via an artificial diet. To do this, honey bee larvae reared in an incubator were exposed to one of nine pesticides: chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, amitraz, fluvalinate, coumaphos, myclobutanil, chlorothalonil, glyphosate and simazine. Following this, larvae were fixed and prepared for immunohistologically detected cellular death using two TUNEL techniques for DNA fragmentation labeling and Annexin V to detect the localization of exposed PS specific in situ binding to apoptotic cells. Untreated larvae experienced ∼10% midgut apoptotic cell death under controlled conditions. All applied pesticides triggered an increase in apoptosis in treated compared to untreated larvae. The level of cell death in the midgut of simazine-treated larvae was highest at 77% mortality and statistically similar to the level of cell death for chlorpyrifos (65%), imidacloprid (61%), myclobutanil (69%), and glyphosate (69%) treated larvae. Larvae exposed to fluvalinate had the lowest midgut columnar apoptotic cell death (30%) of any pesticide-treated larvae. Indications of elevated apoptotic cell death in salivary glands and ovaries after pesticide application were detected. Annexin V localization, indicative of apoptotic cell deletion, had an extensive distribution in the midgut, salivary glands and ovaries of pesticide-treated larvae. The data suggest that the tested pesticides induced apoptosis in tissues of honey bee larvae at the tested concentrations. Cell death localization as a tool for a monitoring the subclinical and sub-lethal effects of external influences on honey bee larval tissues is discussed.     

The interactive effects of UV-B and insecticide exposure on tadpole survival, growth and development

Because declines within amphibian populations can seldom be attributed to a single cause, it is important to focus on multiple stressors, both natural and anthropogenic. Variables such as UV-B radiation and chemical contamination can interact with one another in ways that might not be predicted from single-factor studies. We exposed southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) tadpoles to the insecticide carbaryl and varying intensities of UV-B radiation in artificial ponds and examined their effects on survival, size at metamorphosis, and the duration of the larval period. Tadpole survival to metamorphosis was positively influenced by UV-B intensity. Tadpoles in ponds exposed to carbaryl contained over three times more algae and yielded larger metamorphs than control ponds. Although previous laboratory studies have indicated carbaryl becomes more toxic in the presence of UV-B, we did not find such an effect, perhaps because of the protection afforded by dissolved organic carbon within the ponds. Our research emphasizes the importance of conducting field studies to more accurately predict what occurs under a natural setting.