HMW-glutenin and gliadin variations in Tibetan weedrace, Xinjiang rice wheat and Yunnan hulled wheat

Nine Tibetan weedrace, 9 Xingjiang rice wheat and 14 Yunnan hulled wheat accessions were evaluated for the variability of HMW-glutenins and gliadins. Higher variability was observed for both HMW-glutenins and gliadins in Tibetan weedrace and Xingjiang rice wheat, while lower variability was observed in Yunan hulled wheat. There were 4 HMW-glutenin and 9 gliadin patterns in 9 Tibetan weedrace accessions, 5 HMW-glutenin and 8 gliadin patterns in 9 Xingjiang rice wheat accessions, and 3 HMW-glutenin and 8 gliadin patterns in 14 Yunnan hulled wheat accessions. In Xinjiang rice wheat, one accession (i.e. Daomai 2) carried subunits 2.1 + 10.1 encoded by Glu-D1, which is very rare in common wheat.     

野生二粒小麦醇溶蛋白遗传多样性分析

为了进一步开发野生二粒小麦遗传资源，丰富我国小麦改良的遗传基础，对来自以色列16个地区的133份野生二拉小麦醇溶蛋白位点的遗传多样性进行了分析，并对其与务锈病抗性和播种～抽穗天数的关系进行了分析。结果发现，供试的133份野生二粒小麦共有122种谱带类型，电泳共分离出77务不同的带纹；谱带在α、β、γ、ω四个区差异较大，分别为38、83、72和87种，表明野生二粒小麦的醇溶蛋白具有较丰富的遗传多样性。比较分析发现，野生二粒小麦醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性与材料的来源地有关；来源于同地区的材料间务锈病抗性及播种～抽穗天数均较为接近，而且条锈病抗性和播种～抽穗天数与醇溶蛋白的遗传距离均有一定关系。     

波兰小麦醇溶蛋白遗传变异分析

为了解波兰小麦物种的遗传变异水平和种内不同材料间的遗传关系,利用APAGE技术对72份来源于全世界的波兰小麦材料醇溶蛋白位点进行了检测。结果表明,波兰小麦醇溶蛋白位点存在丰富的变异类型,共产生48条迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白谱带,每个材料具有8~24条不等,平均16.2条。材料间平均遗传相似系数(GS)为0.5132,变幅为0.1429~1.000。当GS水平为0.50时,所有材料可聚为4个大类,其中CItr13919等16个来源于埃塞俄比亚的材料均聚在一起,而另一大类为5份来自于葡萄牙的材料。可以认为,APAGE揭示的种内遗传关系与其地理分布有一定的相关性。     

Analysis of Genetic Variability in a Sample of the Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Spanish Collection Based on Gliadin Markers

In this work gliadin proteins were used to analyse the genetic variability in a sample of the durum wheat Spanish collection conserved at the CRF-INIA. In total 38 different alleles were identified at the loci Gli-A1, Gli-A3, Gli-B5, Gli-B1, Gli-A2 and Gli-B2. All the gliadin loci were polymorphic, possessed large genetic diversity and small and large differentiation within and between varieties, respectively. The Gli-A2 and Gli-B2 loci were the most polymorphic, the most fixed within varieties and the most useful to distinguish among varieties. Alternatively, Gli-B1 locus presented the least genetic variability out of the four main loci Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-A2 and Gli-B2. The Gli-B1 alleles coding for the gliadin γ-45, associated with good quality, had an accumulated frequency of 69.7%, showing that the Spanish germplasm could be a good source for breeding quality. The Spanish landraces studied showed new gliadin alleles not catalogued so far. These new alleles might be associated with specific Spanish environment factors. The large number of new alleles identified also indicates that durum wheat Spanish germplasm is rather unique.     

云南、西藏与新疆小麦醇溶蛋白Gli-1和Gli-2编码位点等位基因组成及遗传多样性分析

利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)法,分析了64份中国西部特有小麦材料的醇溶蛋白编码位点等位基因组成及遗传多样性。结果表明,在34份云南小麦、24份西藏小麦和6份新疆小麦的G li-1位点上,分别发现了26、33和3个等位基因;在G li-2位点上,则分别发现15、16和3个等位基因。在云南和西藏小麦的G li-B 1、G li-D 1和G li-A 2位点上均发现了一些现有小麦醇溶蛋白编码基因位点目录中未列出的等位变异。从染色体组来看,云南小麦、西藏小麦和新疆小麦B染色体组的N ei s平均遗传变异系数高于A染色体组和D染色体组,这说明B染色体组的遗传变异要高于A和D染色体组。云南小麦、西藏小麦和新疆小麦群体内的N ei s平均遗传变异系数分别为0.6824、0.7471和0,说明云南小麦和西藏小麦群体具有较高的遗传多样性。     

青海省小麦种质材料醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性分析

为了解当前青海省普通小麦种质材料醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性,利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)技术对青海省77份普通小麦种质材料进行了醇溶蛋白遗传多样性分析。结果表明,供试材料中共分离出蛋白谱带1 237条,迁移率不同的谱带类型37种,其中迁移率编号为2、19和3号的谱带出现频率最高,分别为98.7%、98.7%和97.4%;3条谱带(15、16和17号)出现频率低于10.5%;其余31条谱带出现频率为19.5%～84.4%。供试材料醇溶蛋白谱带多态性较高,每个材料可电泳分离出11～21条谱带,其中具有14～18条谱带的材料居多。不同材料间的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.55～0.94,说明供试材料具有丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析将供试材料分成6大类,聚类结果在一定程度上反映了供试材料间的亲缘关系。     

Agropyron elongatum HMW-glutenins have a potential to improve wheat end-product quality through targeted chromosome introgression

After screening of 177 disomic addition lines (DALs) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) containing a pair of chromosomes from different alien species, we found that the chromosome 1E addition line of Agropyron elongatum, that is known to be a potential genetic resource for drought and salinity tolerance, showed potential for improvement of bread-making quality of wheat. This was indicated by increased SDS sedimentation, specific sedimentation, mixograph peak time and SE-HPLC analysis of polymeric proteins. This addition line spontaneously gave rise to a substitution line for chromosome 1D in subsequent generations that showed weak dough strength. Analysis of the x-type HMW-glutenin subunit sequence of Ag. elongatum from DAL1E indicated that it closely resembled the x-type sequence of the A and B genomes of wheat, and the y-type was intermediate between x- and y-type HMW-glutenin subunit genes. From these observations, it was inferred that 1E-encoded seed storage proteins have considerable potential for improvement of wheat end-product quality if transferred to specific chromosomes such as 1A of Chinese Spring (CS) wheat, which has a negative overall effect on bread-making quality.     

玉米黄粉中色素及醇溶蛋白的提取工艺研究

［目的］筛选适合工业化生产玉米黄色素及醇溶蛋白的提取工艺。［方法］以玉米淀粉的副产物玉米黄粉为原料,以无水乙醇为提取剂,通过正交试验,考察玉米黄色素、醇溶蛋白的最佳提取条件。［结果］玉米黄色素的最佳提取条件为温度55℃、提取时间2h、固液比1∶4、pH值5.5,各因素影响大小顺序为乙醇体积〉提取时间〉pH值〉温度。醇溶蛋白的最佳提取条件为温度50℃、酒精度70%、固液比1∶4、浸泡时间6h、pH值5.0,各因素影响大小顺序为浸泡时间〉乙醇体积〉温度〉酒精度〉pH值。［结论］该研究为玉米黄色素及醇溶蛋白的工业化生产提供依据。     

小麦胚乳蛋白遗传变异及基因多态性研究进展

小麦的品质可分为营养品质和加工品质,其中加工品质主要由小麦胚乳贮藏蛋白决定,小麦胚乳贮藏蛋白主要由麦谷蛋白和麦醇溶蛋白构成。不同小麦品种的蛋白组成、数目都存在较大的差异,小麦基因具有多态性。介绍了小麦胚乳蛋白基因多态性研究进展。这对改良我国小麦品种、提高小麦品质具有积极的指导作用,对物种基因资源的发掘与保护也具有非常重要的意义。     

圆锥小麦（Triticum turgidumL．）贮藏蛋白的遗传多样性研究

为发掘可供利用的优异基因资源,采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）和酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（APAGE）对来自17个国家和地区的95份圆锥小麦的贮藏蛋白进行了分析。结果表明,圆锥小麦贮藏蛋白位点存在丰富的遗传多样性。供试材料中共检测到17种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基和34种亚基组合类型,其中亚基1和7＋8分别为Glu-A1和Glu-B1位点优势亚基,也检测到优质亚基14＋15和17＋18。亚基组合1／7＋8和null／7＋8虽为优势组合,但所占频率低;醇溶蛋白检测共分离出29条多态性带纹,其中每份材料可分离出5～20条,平均12条,平均遗传相似系数为0．471。供试材料在0．402水平上可分为五类,其聚类结果与材料来源地并不完全一致。试验结果表明,中国圆锥小麦地方品种在高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基表现上具有独特性。