不同脱水方法对板栗胚轴脱水敏感性和生理生化的影响

 以成熟板栗离体胚轴为材料, 通过3种脱水方法, 研究了脱水速率对板栗胚轴脱水敏感性及其相关生理的影响。研究结果表明: 硅胶脱水(快速脱水) 的胚轴脱水敏感性最低, 关键含水量最低, 胚轴的发芽率与电导率显著负相关, 胚轴的生活力与MDA含量显著负相关, 对脱水胁迫反应的忍耐力加大,同时抗氧化系统迅速启动。     

Seed Development, Maturation and Storage Behaviour of Mimusops elengi L.

Mass maturity (end of the seed-filling phase) occurred at about 72 days after flowering (DAF) in developing seeds of Mimusops elengi, at which time seed moisture content had declined to about 55%. The onset of ability to germinate was detected at 56 DAF and seeds showed 98% germination by 84 DAF. Tolerance of desiccation to 10% moisture content was first detected at 70 DAF and was maximal by 84 DAF. Delaying collection by a further 14 days to 98 DAF, when fruits began to be shed, reduced seed viability, particularly for seeds first dried to 10% moisture content. Hence the best time for seed collection appears to be about 14 days before fruits shed. In a separate investigation with six different seed lots, desiccation below about 8–12% moisture content reduced viability (considerably in some lots). The viability of dry seeds (below about 10% moisture content) stored hermetically was reduced at cool temperatures (5 °C and below), and none survived storage at sub-zero temperatures. The results suggest that Mimusops elengi shows intermediate seed storage behaviour and that the optimal hermetic seed storage environment is about 10% moisture content at 10 °C, while short-term, moist, aerated storage at high (40%) moisture content is also feasible.     

Cryopreservation of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) somatic embryos using sucrose preculture and air desiccation

An efficient protocol for cryopreservation of somatic embryos of Coriandrum sativum, an important spice and medicinal herb, was developed. The successful cryopreservation procedure utilized embryo clumps (ECs) comprised of 3–4 somatic embryos at the globular or heart-shape stage. These ECs were precultured for 3 days on medium supplemented with 100 g/L sucrose, desiccated under the current of sterile air for 100 min, then sealed in cryovials and plunged directly into liquid nitrogen. Preliminary incubation on sucrose-enriched medium (100 g/L) improved both desiccation- and cryo-tolerance of ECs compared to medium with normal sucrose content (30 g/L) and enhanced embryo formation after cryopreservation. The regrowth after cryopreservation and average number of new embryos developed from cryopreserved ECs were retained at the level of the untreated control (98% and 13 embryos per clump, respectively). Both normal and abnormal plants were produced from control and cryopreserved cultures, indicating that appearance of abnormalities was not related to cryopreservation. The regenerants with normal phenotype showed the same peaks of relative DNA content regardless of cryopreservation. The results suggest that simple desiccation method is effective for cryopreservation of coriander somatic embryos with subsequent regeneration.     

超级稻吉粳88再生体系的建立

以超级稻吉粳88成熟胚作为外植体,通过对基本培养基、激素组合和干燥处理时间的筛选优化试验,以建立超级稻吉粳88的再生体系。结果表明,以NMB作为基本培养基,2,4-D2.0mg/L、NAA0.1mg/L、KT0.2mg/L和蔗糖40g/L组合条件下,能够诱导出质量较好的愈伤组织,诱导率在80%以上;采用滤纸干燥法对愈伤组织进行干燥处理48h,可使愈伤组织分化率和成苗率明显提高,分化率可达95.0%,成苗率可达20.4%。     

Desiccation and storage behavior of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) seeds

The effect of seed moisture content (m.c.) and seed storage conditions of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) was investigated in relation to seed viability. In the first experiment, the effect of drying rate on seed moisture and seed germination was investigated. Fresh seeds, with their original moisture content displayed a germination percentage of 55.1%. When the seed moisture content was reduced by 2.0% in an oven, the germination percentage rose to 81.0%. When the seed moisture content was reduced even more by using the same method, the germination percentages decreased dramatically. Reducing the seed moisture content to 28.7 and 23.5% by drying the seeds in alternating room conditions resulted in an increase of seed germinability to 84.3 and 90.9%, respectively. The drying of the seeds for 45, 60 and 75 days reduced their seed germination to 66.8, 49.4 and 48.0%, respectively. Reducing seed moisture content below 15.0% resulted in practically nullifying seed germinability. The fact that bay laurel seeds cannot retain their germinability at lower moisture contents demonstrates that it is a species with recalcitrant seeds. In the second experiment, moist and dry storage conditions were tested under different temperatures and moisture contents. The storage experiment showed that the most effective way of conserving the bay laurel seeds is moist storage at 0 ± 1°C for 4 months without previous drying of the seeds.     

干燥体细胞胚用作转基因苜蓿人工种子的研究

为探明干化的体细胞胚作为转基因苜蓿(Medicago sativa)人工种子的可行性,采用农杆菌菌株GV3101 感染苜蓿叶柄的遗传转化方法,获得转化苜蓿植株并诱导转化出苜蓿植株的体细胞胚。将成熟的子叶期体细胞胚先置于含10 mM脱落酸的胚形成培养基BOi2Y中培养14 d,然后将胚置于一系列的6种干燥剂中缓慢干燥7 d,最后将胚转到1/2MSO萌发培养基中,直到茎叶萌发和根形成。分析不同转基因株系干化人工种子的萌发率和再生植株中的GUS表达,并利用Southern杂交分析转基因干化人工种子再生植株的遗传变异。结果表明:干化后的转基因人工种子萌发率达到74.3%,产生的植株从形态上相似于没有干化处理的体细胞胚再生植株。在随机的3个转基因株系中,Southern杂交结果表明再生植株仍能稳定表达GUS,每个株系基因整合位点一致。因此,干化体细胞胚用作转基因植物种质保藏的方法是有效可行的。     

Manufacturing Process of Floating Flower Art

Floating flower art belongs to a category of embossing art,which is a kind of garden art that makes plant materials into flower decorations after treatment.In this paper,the whole technological process of making floating flower products was described in detail,and the unique manufacturing process of Japanese embossing brand "Sola Cube" was analyzed,in order to provide some theoretical reference for floating flower lovers and promote its development in China.     

植物种子脱水耐性的研究现状分析与展望

为更好地揭示植物种子脱水耐性的差异性,挖掘与种子快速脱水相关的关键基因,笔者归纳了植物种子脱水耐性的形成假说、生理基础、脱水耐性差异等,重点分析了种子脱水耐性在全基因组、转录组、蛋白质组方面的分子机理研究,最后指出可以运用全基因组学方法系统定位世界范围内不同类型品种脱水耐性的遗传多样性和相关基因,挖掘种子脱水敏感的关键基因。     

2,4 D和干燥处理对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导与分化的影响

为解决西北地区小麦栽培品种高频再生体系建立过程中的瓶颈问题,以不同品种、不同2,4-D浓度及对愈伤组织的不同干燥处理时间为变量,研究不同处理对小麦栽培品种成熟胚愈伤组织诱导与分化的影响。结果表明,甘春24、甘春20、西旱1号在2,4-D浓度为2.0～5.0mg·L-1时,愈伤组织诱导与分化较好,2,4-D浓度为5.0mg·L-1以上愈伤组织容易褐变,分化能力减弱,成苗率低;在转入胚性诱导培养基前,12h的干燥处理能促进各品种愈伤组织分化;通过正交设计分析,甘春24在2,4-D浓度为2.5mg·L-1,12h干燥处理条件下所建立的再生体系最好,是转基因中良好的受体;甘春20在2.0mg·L-1 2,4-D、12h干燥处理下愈伤组织形成与分化较好;西旱1号经3.0mg·L-1 2,4-D、12h干燥处理,能显著提高其愈伤组织的分化。     

太阳能饲草干燥技术研究

针对饲草在田间干燥干物质损失大和营养成分保持率低的问题,本文从太阳能饲草干燥工艺的技术原理、技术装备、工艺路线,以及太阳能饲草干燥工艺与田间饲草干燥工艺对比试验效果等方面系统介绍了太阳能饲草干燥技术的创新性与先进性,并对太阳能饲草干燥技术及装备的应用前景进行了展望。