Dicyandiamide enhances liming potential of two legume materials when incubated with an acid Ultisol

The incorporation of two legume materials increased soil pH, while the nitrification of the ammonium-nitrogen (N) from the ammonification of organic N weakened the liming potential of these materials at the later stages of incubation experiments. The addition of dicyandiamide (DCD) enhanced the liming potential of the two legume materials through its inhibition of nitrification of ammonium-N. At the end of the 60-d incubation, soil pH of the treatment using Chinese milk vetch shoots with DCD was 1.48 units higher than that of control and 1.16 units higher than of the treatment using only Chinese milk vetch. The corresponding data for the pea straw were 1.24 and 1.01 units higher, respectively.     

施加改良剂对黄河三角洲滨海盐渍土的改良效果

[目的]为滨海盐渍土改良找到新的有效途径。[方法]通过田间试验,研究了Encapsalt改良剂对黄河三角洲滨海盐渍土土壤盐分及作物的影响。[结果]Encapsalt改良剂的最佳施用量为9 000～12 000 ml/hm2,分2次施的效果较好。第1次施Encapsalt改良剂,可明显降低土壤的含盐量和pH,提高作物的出苗率。第2次施Encapsalt改良剂,可以维持土壤的含盐量不升高,使土壤不发生返盐现象,从而减少死苗现象,保证作物的正常生长,提高作物产量。[结论]Encapsalt改良剂值得进一步试验示范推广。     

树干解析法估测樟子松树高生长的偏差

依据等断面积径级标准木法,在东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场老山人工林示范区设置的8块樟子松人工林不同年龄的样地中分别选伐5株树木,实测每株样木的每年实际高生长,并采用树干解析法预估了樟子松样木的树高生长。通过分析发现:采用传统的树干解析法预估樟子松的树高生长存在偏差,预估偏差范围一般在0~0.8m之间,樟子松幼年时相对偏差较大,最大可达200%以上;相对偏差随年龄的增大呈倒“J”字形曲线。为了克服传统的树干解析法预估树高每年生长的偏差,建立了相对偏差与年龄的关系函数,用以修正传统的树干解析法预估的树高每年生长。     

苏南地区两种土壤钾素供应状况及其调节

苏南地区黄刚土和白土供钾潜力较低 ,加之复种指数较高、雨水过多 ,致使土壤钾素亏缺严重 ,而我国钾矿资源贫乏 ,钾肥生产量有限 ,因此如何充分利用有限的钾肥资源 ,就显得尤为迫切和重要 .本文主要从钾肥的供需现状、作物的需钾特征和土壤的供钾规律等方面探讨了钾肥的合理投向及其调节 ,以提高钾肥的利用效率和增产效益     

Nematode responses to biosolids incorporation in five soil types

The impact of biosolids on soil processes in five soils under pasture was assessed. Five biosolid treatments (control, dried pellets, compost, biosolids at 200 kg N/ha, and biosolids at 800 kg N/ha) were mixed in 0- to 10-cm-deep soil in lysimeters each year. Nematodes were sampled after 2 years. Many of the nematode populations and indices showed significant soil effects. Nematode responses to the range of biosolid amendments were similar across the five soils. Few populations showed an interaction between the type of amendment and the soil. The most marked response to amendment was that of bacterial-feeding Rhabditidae, in which populations were affected by the weight of the biosolid amendment. Nematode contribution to the soil processes in these soils was not adversely affected by the application of biosolids.     

金属尾矿砂的改良和植被重建研究进展

针对金属尾矿砂的理化性状以及所带来的环境影响进行了简要介绍和评述,着重从改良的角度论述了我国治理修复金属矿区尾矿砂的研究进展、存在的问题和将来的发展方向。     

高聚物对土壤结构改良的研究 Ⅲ.聚丙烯酰胺对赤红壤的改良研究

研究了不同离子类型 (中性、阴离子和两性 )聚丙烯酰胺对赤红壤的改良作用。实验结果显示 ,聚丙烯酰胺能够提高赤红壤 >0 .2 5mm水稳性团粒结构数量 ,降低土壤容重 ,增大土壤的毛管持水量和渗透系数 ,提高土壤的含水量 ;在施用量为 0 .0 0 5 %— 0 .2 0 0 %的范围内 ,改良剂对赤红壤的改良效果随其施用量的增大而增强 ;聚丙烯酰胺的离子类型和分子量及其施用方式和添加剂对土壤的改良效果有显著影响     

Straw Management Effects on Organic Matter Mineralization and Salinity in Semiarid Agricultural Soils

The impact of straw incorporation (6 Mg ha -1 year -1 ) into agricultural soils compared with straw removal on organic matter mineralization and salinity was studied. The mineralization coefficient (CO 2 -C evolved/organic C ratio) was obtained to evaluate organic matter mineralization. Soil salinity was measured as means of electrolytic conductivity of saturation paste extract. Both parameters were measured seasonally during two years in two salt-affected soils of the semiarid Central Ebro Valley (northeast Spain), a saline soil and a saline-sodic soil. The electrolytic conductivity (ranging from 2.5 dS m -1 to 24.3 dS m -1 ) and the mineralization coefficient (ranging from 5.9 10 -4 day -1 to 37.9 10 -4 day -1 ) varied widely during seasonal samplings of both soils. The lowest electrolytic conductivity values, coincided with the highest mineralization coefficient values. Straw mulching and burying decreased significantly the average seasonal electrolytic conductivity of both soils: 2.5 times in the saline soil, and 1.9 times in the saline-sodic soil. The EC reduction only increased significantly (P < 0.05) the mineralization coefficient on saline soil (1.6 times). Straw amendment, followed by rainy periods, allowed the soluble salts leaching but did not modify significantly sodium content. A logarithmic regression was found between mineralization coefficient and electrolytic conductivity (r 2 = 0.41), considering both soils. Infiltration, water aggregate stability, and qCO 2 were improved with the straw amendment, but only in saline soil. Soil differences showed the existence of a double effect: an osmotic and a specific ion effect.     

Comparative Studies on US Lacey Act Amendment and EU Timber Regulation

The US and EU markets are the main destinations of Chinese forest products.Through analyzing the similarities and differences between the US Lacey Act Amendment and the EU Timber Regulation,the paper focused on how to realize better compatibility and practicality of Chinese timber legality verification scheme in terms of verification standard setting,verification procedures,pilot work of timber legality verification scheme,capacity-building trainings and studies on key problems.     

不同改良剂对镉污染土壤中小白菜吸收镉的影响

采用盆栽试验, 研究了施用石灰、钙镁磷肥、泥炭、碱渣4种土壤改良剂对外加镉污染的赤红壤上小白菜产量、镉吸收量、土壤有效态镉及pH的影响。结果表明: 外加1 mg·kg^-1和5 mg·kg^-1镉对小白菜生物量无显著影响, 且1 mg·kg^-1镉对小白菜生长有一定的促进作用; 施用改良剂对镉污染土壤上小白菜无显著增产效果。施用4种改良剂均能降低小白菜地上部镉含量, 作用效果为石灰≈泥炭>碱渣>钙镁磷肥。不同改良剂对小白菜根部镉含量影响不同, 泥炭和石灰在所有镉浓度下、钙镁磷肥在0和1 mg·kg^-1镉浓度下可显著降低根部镉含量, 而碱渣无明显作用, 种植两茬规律一致。土壤有效态镉含量与pH呈显著负相关; 施用石灰、碱渣、钙镁磷肥使土壤pH显著升高, 有效态镉含量显著降低, 从而降低小白菜对镉的吸收; 泥炭可显著提高土壤pH, 虽降低土壤有效态镉作用效果不显著, 但显著降低小白菜体内镉含量, 这可能与土壤中形成难以被植物吸收的镉有机结合物有关。两茬蔬菜种植结果显示, 施用后期改良剂对镉污染的抑制效果也较明显。