自适应加减速控制的NURBS曲线插补算法

通过对轮廓误差引起的速度变化曲线分析，提出了自适应加减速控制的NURBS曲线插补算法，在插补预处理中对进给速度突变的敏感区域进行加减速控制。应用该算法，在保证系统加工精度的基础上，自适应地调整进给速度，使进给速度变化趋于平滑，有效地避免了进给速度一阶或二阶导数的变化对伺服系统造成的机械冲击。通过NURBS曲线插补的实例，验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。该算法同样可以应用于其他参数曲线的轨迹规划。     

基于5R并联机构的二自由度树冠振动装置设计与试验

振动式采收是一种高效的林果机械化采收形式。在现有的激振形式中,非圆周激励可以使果树产生有效的振动,实现整体采收效果。为进一步提高果实的采收效率,针对非圆周激励中不同类型旋轮线轨迹进行深入研究。通过SolidWorks、ANSYS、ADAMS等软件建立果树柔性体模型。将不同轨迹参数的旋轮线位移载荷导入ADAMS,施加于果树模型激振点。比较不同轨迹的旋轮线位移载荷下果树模型的振动响应,确定3支线1号外旋轮线轨迹E为最优激振轨迹。根据最优激振轨迹,设计了由平面5R并联机构驱动的二自由度树冠振动装置。以油茶树为激振对象,确定频率6 Hz、振幅90 mm为激振参数,设计并搭建样机进行试验。试验结果表明,7×7交错分布的激振杆布局方式的激振效果最优,该布局下树冠平均合成加速度响应为22.38 m/s²,激振加速度传递效率为77.63%,验证了二维激振轨迹的有效性。     

The Evaluation Method of Vibration Comfortable Level in Bridge-Architecture Composite Station

To solve the problem of comfortable level on vehicle vibration in railway station, this article summarizes current building comfortable level analysis and evaluation standards and methods, and the comfortable level of railway station is discussed. According to the Standard of City Region Environmental Vibration, some bridge-station combined structure is taken as an example,the standard scale of acceleration vibration is used to evaluate the comfortable level of the railway station. The methods and evaluation process provided in this article can serve as an reference.     

拖拉机驾驶员全身振动联合加速度影响因素分析

为了保证农业轮式车辆和田间作业机械驾驶员全身振动试验数据的准确性和可靠性,依据GB/T10910-2004和GB/T13876-2007的规定,针对试验中由于操作和试验设计可能引入影响测试结果的因素进行了分析,在完成对比试验的基础上,对试验数据进行分析,总结了开展试验工作时应该严格遵循的规则和注意事项,为测试工作的组织开展和保证评价结果的可靠性提供了科学依据。     

混流泵启动过程瞬态特性的数值计算

为研究混流泵启动过程的瞬态特性,以试验测试转速与流量作为求解边界条件,建立了混流泵瞬态流动求解模型与方法.通过准稳态、瞬态数值方法求解的计算扬程与试验扬程的对比,验证了数值方法的可靠性,进而分析了混流泵启动过程中瞬态流场的演化以及启动加速度对内部流场的影响规律.研究结果表明:所采用的数值计算方法可较准确地反映启动过程的...     

Use of three‐dimensional acceleration sensing to assess dairy cow gait and the effects of hoof trimming

The aim of this study was to assess the use of three‐dimensional acceleration sensing to describe the gait of dairy cows and the effect of hoof trimming. In Trial 1, a three‐dimensional acceleration sensor was attached to the carpal region of a front leg of six Holstein cows who were then walked for 9 m. Results showed that measures of acceleration could clearly show the presence of steps, which were divided into an acceleration phase, which involved the hoof descending to and ascending from the ground, and a non‐acceleration phase, which included the swing phase. Lissajous figures could succinctly depict the degree of acceleration for each cow and showed that one cow who was lame walked with greater vertical and lateral acceleration than the remaining cows. In Trial 2, 17 loose‐housed Holstein cows were walked for 20 m during the month before, once during the month after and once 2 months after hoof trimming with the sensor attached at the end of their thoracic vertebrae to measure acceleration of the whole body. To relate the acceleration of the body to movements of the legs, image analysis was used to the range of vertical movement of four major skeletal joints, using visual markers attached to them. Hoof trimming significantly (P < 0.005) decreased both the range of vertical movement of the joints of front and hind legs and the variance of lateral and forward acceleration at the end of the thoracic vertebrae, suggesting improved gait pattern smoothness. Acceleration sensing was able to characterize variation among gait patterns of the cows and could reproduce the pattern shown by image analysis. This study demonstrates that three‐dimensional acceleration sensing of either the carpal region of a front leg or the end of the thoracic vertebrae is useful to detect walking irregularities and evaluate the effectiveness of hoof trimming on walking ability of cattle.     

汽车道路模拟试验载荷谱的研究

室内道路模拟试验需要重现测试车辆在试验场道路行驶状态,而时域损伤编辑法与传统编制载荷谱的方法相比更能满足其需求。以测试车辆后独立悬架和副车架试验场载荷谱为原始谱,应用时域损伤编辑法,通过研究损伤时间窗口和损伤保留比例对加速谱时间保留长短和加速前后功率谱峰值差异的影响,选取适当时间窗口对原始谱进行编辑,生成台架加速谱。并从时域、幅值域、频域3个方面对原始谱和加速谱进行分析对比,验证了该方法的合理性。     

板栗树振动响应特性与落果情况试验研究

为解决板栗人工采收效率低、成本高的问题,对板栗机械振动采收装备的设计提供参数支持.针对3棵板栗树,通过单偏心式振动电机激振树干对板栗树各分枝上加速度响应以及落果情况进行了试验研究.结果表明:3棵树树干和各果枝测点处的合加速度均与激振频率呈二次曲线增长关系,激振频率的增加有利于板栗树各果枝振动响应的增强;但受距激励点的距...     

长肋日月贝亲本促熟培育与催产技术研究

利用室外水泥池开展不同密度长肋日月贝亲本促熟试验,经过30 d左右的强化培育,结果表明20～50个/m3的培育密度能取得较好的促熟效果。采用了阴干、温度、藻液、流水和精卵刺激的方法诱导亲贝排放精卵,试验结果阴干刺激1 h+温度刺激+藻液刺激1 h结合的诱导效果最好。