过表达OsMPK17激酶蛋白质增强了水稻的耐旱性

促分裂原活化蛋白质激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)在真核生物中高度保守,在水稻逆境应答反应中也发挥着重要作用。本研究表达纯化了水稻OsMPK17蛋白质,制备了特异性抗体,对多种非生物逆境胁迫下的蛋白质样品进行免疫印迹分析,发现OsMPK17蛋白质在干旱胁迫下诱导表达,提示该蛋白质在干旱胁迫应答中发挥作用。对脱落酸和茉莉酸甲酯处理的离体叶片蛋白质分析发现,OsMPK17蛋白质表达丰度下降,提示该蛋白质的功能发挥可能受激素调控。为此,构建了过表达OsMPK17蛋白质的载体,转化水稻后筛选获得了OsMPK17蛋白质过表达的纯合株系。田间种植鉴定结果表明,转基因株系的株高变矮、穗长变短、结实率降低。种子萌发期拟旱(PEG-6000)处理条件下,过表达OsMPK17株系的种子长势明显比野生型好,根长与芽长均显著大于野生型。幼苗期失水试验表明,转基因植株的失水率低于野生型。在土培干旱胁迫后恢复浇水的试验中,过表达OsMPK17蛋白质的转基因水稻生长也好于野生型。综上,过表达OsMPK17蛋白质提高了水稻的耐旱性。本研究增进了对水稻OsMPK17基因功能的了解。     

iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of controlled atmosphere storage for Tibetan hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L) preservation

Controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) is an effective method for cereal grain preservation, but its mechanism is yet to be completely elucidated. In this study, the molecular mechanism of CAS was evaluated for Tibetan hull-less barley preservation using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics, Western blot, and physicochemical and individual volatiles analyses. In barley stored at 25 °C, compared with non-controlled atmosphere storage (NCAS), CAS altered the expression of 116 proteins by > 2.0 fold. Among these proteins, 82 downregulated proteins were mainly involved in carbon metabolism, protein and amino acid metabolism, and lipid and fatty acid degradation. Physicochemical analyses suggest that CAS could reduce the severity of abiotic stress. Bioinformatic and molecular biology analyses reveal that CAS could decrease the rates of carbon metabolism, protein and amino acid metabolism, and lipid and fatty acid degradation by downregulating some key proteins (Beta-amylase, 6-phosphofructokinase 1, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate decarboxylase, 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, seryl-tRNA synthetase, leucyl-tRNA synthetase, aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+), and alcohol dehydrogenase), accompanied by significant reductions in oxidative dehydrogenation reactions (p < 0.05). Together, a favorable environment provided by CAS ultimately mitigated physiological abnormalities, nutrient and energy consumption, and flavor deterioration in the barley. The proteomics analysis results were confirmed by Western blot, and physicochemical and individual volatiles analyses.     

产肠毒素大肠杆菌感染的分子致病机制

产肠毒素大肠杆菌（enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC）是发展中国家人群腹泻的主要原因,一直是西方国家旅行者腹泻的最常见病因,也是引起动物（尤其是幼龄动物）腹泻的主要病原菌。根据ETEC产生热敏和（或）热稳定肠毒素特性可以将其分类成不同致病型。针对这类重要病原体的疫苗研发目前仍然面临着艰难的挑战。本文综述了病原体-宿主相互作用的分子机制,从基因组学和蛋白质组学两方面介绍致病菌的多种毒力因子以及作为靶标研发疫苗的潜力,分析了病原与不同宿主易感性的差异,为针对ETEC新型疫苗的研发和有效预防ETEC感染提供理论依据。     

耐辐射球菌DNA修复机制研究新进展

耐辐射球菌是迄今为止发现的最耐辐射的原核生物,是研究DNA损伤与修复的模式生物.根据国内外实验室和本实验在耐辐射球菌研究上取得的最新研究成果,本文从该细菌的结构特征、分子防御机制、重要修复基因、基因组学和蛋白质组学等方面综述了耐辐射球菌在DNA修复机制方面取得的进展,探讨了未来揭示该细菌独特高效的DNA修复分子机理可能采取的途径.     

水牛唾液蛋白组学研究进展

唾液具有溶菌、消化和滋润口腔等多种生物学功能,唾液中含有各种酶类,唾液是一种非损伤性的体液,作为研究材料被应用。唾液蛋白质组学研究也成为现代组学研究的热点内容。本文对唾液的收集方法、组学研究方面的应用、疾病方面、生物标记,特别是对水牛唾液蛋白组学方面的研究进行了综述,旨在为今后其他物种唾液蛋白质组学方面的研究奠定基础。     

Functional genomic approach to the study of biodiversitywithin Trichoderma

Trichoderma is a fungal genus of great and demonstrable biotechnological value, but its genome is poorly surveyed compared with other model microorganisms. Due to their ubiquity and rapid substrate colonization, Trichoderma species have been widely used as biocontrol organisms for agriculture, and their enzyme systems are widely used in industry. Therefore, there is a clear interest to explore beyond the phenotype to exploit the underlying genetic systems using functional genomics tools. Th…     

Research on ways to improve crop productivity through the regulation of rhizosphere environments

ABSTRACT

In this mini review, the importance of rhizosphere is focused. As the rhizosphere is underneath the soil, the analytical approach is still required from the viewpoints of understanding the interaction among root, soil and its interface. For this purpose, multi omics approach has been carried out with the effort to visualize the active rhizosphere area.     

黄萎病菌侵染对感病棉花品种叶片蛋白质组的影响

为进一步探索黄萎病菌与棉花的相互作用,以感黄萎病棉花品种冀棉11为实验材料,在接种大丽轮枝菌V991 3 d后提取叶片蛋白,运用双向电泳和质谱分析技术研究黄萎病菌侵染后叶片蛋白质组学的变化。分析发现,与对照相比差异表达量在2倍以上的蛋白点有22个,其中上调表达的蛋白点10个,下调表达的蛋白点12个。质谱鉴定发现,上调表达的蛋白包括ATP合成酶β亚基,Ru Bis CO活化酶1,Ru Bis CO活化酶α2以及果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶,下调表达的蛋白包括质体叶绿素AB结合蛋白,核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶大链以及核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶小链。分别对下调表达的蛋白rubisco小亚基基因(RBCS)和叶绿素AB结合蛋白基因(cab)、上调表达的蛋白Ru Bis CO活化酶1基因(RCA1)进行荧光定量PCR,发现接种黄萎病菌后3个基因在m RNA水平与蛋白水平上的变化是一致的。通过分析推测,黄萎病菌通过与参与光合能量代谢的蛋白相互作用,破坏植物的光合作用,近而引起棉花叶片的萎蔫与凋零。