2007年西北区西瓜甜瓜协作暨全国甜瓜科研协作会在新疆吐鲁番召开

<正>2007年西北区西瓜甜瓜协作暨全国甜瓜科研协作会于2007年7月1-5日在新疆吐鲁番市召开。会议由中国园艺学会西瓜甜瓜专业委员会、西北区西甜瓜产业发展协作组、全国甜瓜育种科研协作组主办,新疆园艺学会、新疆吐鲁番地区     

不同育苗方式对苦瓜育苗效果的影响

通过研究营养钵育苗、穴盘育苗、营养基质块育苗对苦瓜幼苗生长的影响,筛选出最佳的苦瓜育苗方式。调查不同方式育苗条件下苦瓜出苗速度、株高、茎粗、节间长、叶数、叶长、叶宽、地上部干鲜重、根干鲜重等生长指标,分析壮苗指数。3种育苗方式中,以营养钵育苗最好,幼苗的茎最粗,为3.02 mm;叶片最大,长、宽分别为5.77 mm和6.23 mm;根系最发达,鲜、干重分别为1.45 g和0.08 g;生长量最大,地上部鲜、干重分别为4.14 g和0.35 g;壮苗指数最高,为0.18。采用营养钵育苗,幼苗生长稳健,株高适中,茎粗,叶片宽大,根系发达,壮苗指数高,有利于培育壮苗。     

近50a西北干旱区气候变化趋势及对荒漠化的影响

西北干旱区干旱少雨,生态环境脆弱,土地荒漠化严重。本文根据近1951-2000年的逐月平均气温和月降水量资料研究了我国西北干旱区气候变化趋势,并结合近年来西北干旱区地表径流量变化,分析其对准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地、河西走廊和柴达木盆地土地荒漠化影响。研究结果表明:(1)近50a西北干旱区气温都升高,变暖最显著的是北疆和柴达木盆地。降水量有增加趋势,其中南疆降水量增加趋势最大。北疆蒸发量有减少趋势外,其他区蒸发量都在增加,尤其南疆蒸发量增加趋势最大。(2)近50a来由于气候变暖,使蒸发量增大,塔克拉马干沙漠、河西走廊沙漠区和柴达木沙漠区的干旱危害加剧,这必然导致沙漠化的易发和其进程的加速。北疆气温升高,降水量增加,而蒸发量减少,有利于古尔班通古特沙漠区沙漠化进程的减缓。(3)气候变化和地表径流量变化有利于准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地的土地荒漠化逆转,而使河西走廊和柴达木盆地的土地荒漠化发展迅速。     

西汉时期西北地区农业开发的自然灾害背景

西汉时期是中国历史上西北开发的关键时期,尤其是汉武帝一朝,西北开发功勋卓著。在西汉时期大规模开发西北的决策过程中,政治、经济、军事等方面的因素发挥了重要的影响作用,但是自然灾害对西北开发的影响作用也不容忽视。西汉时期严峻的灾害形势对关中和山东农区造成了重大破坏作用,国家粮食安全岌岌可危。出于化解灾害风险的现实需要,西汉王朝不得不以战争的手段解决北部匈奴问题,依靠农业生产扩大西北地区耕地面积,移民实边。经过两百年的刻苦经营,西汉时期终于奠定了西北农业生产的基本格局,关中、河套、河西、河湟主要农业生产区全面形成,中国传统农业阶段第一个人口高峰出现并维持了一千多年之久。     

名优新品种 台湾泥鳅

台湾泥鳅,又名大鳞副鳅,属鲤形目,鳅科,副泥鳅属,在我国多分布于长江中下游和台湾岛西北部的浅滩河流。     

‘全红杨’在北京地区的引种栽培技术研究

为了探索‘全红杨’在北京地区能否引种成功,采用繁殖法、田间观察法、色素测定法、抗性分析法、市场调查法等多种方法,对从河南濮阳引种到北京地区的‘全红杨’进行多方面的研究。结果表明,‘全红杨’生长正常,能完成完整的生命活动周期;容易繁殖,其高位嫁接繁殖成活率83%,低位嫁接成活率85%,硬枝扦插成活率88%;色彩鲜艳又稳定,花青素含量高,测定值为0.0383 mg/g,比紫绿叶的‘中红杨’高83.25%,比绿色叶的‘加杨’高100.52%;抗性表现良好,耐寒又耐瘠薄;经济价值高,高接苗比中红杨市场售价高2倍以上。依据引种标准判断,‘全红杨’在北京地区引种成功,同时,通过2个年度的栽培管理与观察,得出‘全红杨’栽培管理技术要点,希望为进一步扩繁栽培提供参考依据。     

基于GIS缓冲区分析的西北民族地区"非遗"旅游资源空间结构研究

对西北民族地区"非遗"旅游资源分别开展了基于点(优秀旅游城市、5A级旅游景区)、线(铁路、国道)以及点-线综合的GIS缓冲区分析,以总结其空间结构及资源属性特征,旨在为地方非物质文化遗产的保护及其旅游发展战略规划提供决策参考。西北民族地区"非遗"旅游资源宏观上集聚特征明显,呈现"六簇一带"的空间格局,但微观尺度却相对分散,具有以公路为主线的交通指向性特征和开发进程中的城市指向性特征。这种具有矛盾性的双重特征与西北地区民族文化的形成过程紧密相关。     

Ambient TSP concentration and dustfall variation in Urumqi,China

Total suspended particulate(TSP, particle diameter≤100 μm) was the dominant air pollutant and significantly influenced local air quality. In this paper, we investigated the interannual and seasonal variations of TSP and dustfall of the atmosphere over Urumqi, the capital city of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, northwestern China, basing on environmental monitoring records and meteorological data from 1986–2012. The results showed that during the study period, annual average TSP concentration decreased from 716 to 260 μg/m3, with an average level of 422.9 μg/m3, while dustfall intensity reduced from 350.4 to 166.6 t/(km2?a), with an average level of 259 t/(km2?a). Over 50% of the annual pollution days were induced mainly by TSP. Spring and winter had relatively higher dustfall intensities, and dense traffic and residential areas had the highest dustfall intensities in the Urumqi metropolitan area. With an annual average precipitation of less than 300 mm, atmospheric particulates in Urumqi could be hardly removed through wet deposition. During spring and summertime prevailing winds from northwest and northeast could carry aeolian dust particles from sandy deserts to Urumqi. Aeolian dusts from deserts would remain to be a priority regarding air pollution control in arid oasis cities.     

Effects of cotton field management practices on soil CO2 emission and C balance in an arid region of Northwest China

Changes in both soil organic C storage and soil respiration in farmland ecosystems may affect atmospheric CO2 concentration and global C cycle. The objective of this field experiment was to study the effects of three crop field management practices on soil CO2 emission and C balance in a cotton field in an arid region of Northwest China. The three management practices were irrigation methods（drip and flood）, stubble managements（stubble-incorporated and stubble-removed） and fertilizer amendments（no fertilizer（CK）, chicken manure（OM）, inorganic N, P and K fertilizer（NPK）, and inorganic fertilizer plus chicken manure（NPK＋OM））. The results showed that within the C pool range, soil CO2 emission during the whole growing season was higher in the drip irrigation treatment than in the corresponding flood irrigation treatment, while soil organic C concentration was larger in the flood irrigation treatment than in the corresponding drip irrigation treatment. Furthermore, soil CO2 emission and organic C concentration were all higher in the stubble-incorporated treatment than in the corresponding stubble-removed treatment, and larger in the NPK＋OM treatment than in the other three fertilizer amendments within the C pool range. The combination of flood irrigation, stubble incorporation and application of either NPK＋OM or OM increased soil organic C concentration in the 0-60 cm soil depth. Calculation of net ecosystem productivity（NEP） under different management practices indicated that the combination of drip irrigation, stubble incorporation and NPK＋OM increased the size of the C pool most, followed by the combination of drip irrigation, stubble incorporation and NPK. In conclusion, management practices have significant impacts on soil CO2 emission, organic C concentration and C balance in cotton fields. Consequently, appropriate management practices, such as the combination of drip irrigation, stubble incorporation, and either NPK＋OM or NPK could increase soil C storage in cotton fie     

余姚市榨菜污染与防控对策

文章通过概述余姚榨菜产业的发展现状、榨菜产业污染源调查与分析,对榨菜废水污染的防控对策进行了初步的探讨,提出了一些榨菜废水处理技术并对各种处理技术进行了分析,同时提出了一些榨菜产业发展的思路和想法.为姚西北榨菜产业的可持续发展,保护姚西北榨菜产地自然环境,加强姚西北农村环境保护工作提供一些可供探讨的途径.