玉米自交系生育阶段氮素积累的配合力分析

以6个在氮素积累方面具有差异的玉米自交系作为亲本,按照Griffing p(p-1)/2双列杂交方法配制15个杂交组合,对供试21个材料在苗期、拔节期、喇叭口期、吐丝期、灌浆期和成熟期取整株测其氮素积累量,进行配合力分析。结果表明,供试亲本材料WN2553、WN2499、WN2652、WN2541、WN2478、WN2501各生育阶段的氮素积累量配合力差异极显著;WN2553、WN2541在各生育阶段均表现正向一般配合力效应,WN2652、WN2501表现负向一般配合力效应;结合特殊配合力分析可看出,WN2541和WN2553在氮素高效积累方面具有研究和利用价值。     

不同种植方式对寒地水稻氮积累与产量的影响

采用龙优5号水稻为试材,通过田间试验,研究寒地直播稻与传统移栽稻氮素吸收及产量的差异,探明寒地直播稻的氮素积累规律,为直播稻施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,直播稻抽穗期和灌浆期叶片含氮量分别比移栽稻高10.2%(P0.05)和10.0%(P0.05),显著提高了叶片光合能力。成熟期籽粒氮积累量比移栽稻高16.1%(P0.05),抽穗后氮同化量和氮同化贡献率分别比移栽稻高104.7%(P0.01)和76.2%(P0.01),氮肥偏生产力比移栽稻高37.2%(P0.01)。直播稻穗粒数和千粒重显著提高,结实率也有所增加,产量比移栽稻高8.1%(P0.05)。     

玉米新品种综合比较试验初报

<正>1材料与方法试验安排在临汾市尧都区坡子村,试验地地势平坦开阔,土质为壤土,有良好的耕作基础,耕作层土壤有机质含量为1.3%,全氮0.08%,碱解氮110mg/kg,速效氮27mg/kg,速效钾93mg/kg,玉米生育期排灌方便。前茬作物为小麦。供试的玉米品种14个:荣鑫901、凯玉2号、LD7095、金博士338、DL218、滑玉107、大丰试4、郑单958、金668、松夏9885、太育3号、HY117、     

夏玉米高产高效栽培法

一、适时播种 选择地势较平坦，土层深厚、质地较疏松、通透性好、有机质含量1．5％以上，排灌方便的地块种植。夏玉米播期要保证采收期气温在18℃以上，     

着力保护性耕作 推进全程机械化作业

保护性耕作是为了适应自然气候和生产力发展需求而产生的耕作方式,其主要内容是在秋季收割以后,田间剩余的根茬和作物秸秆不作再次处理,让其在田间自然风化和腐烂,春秋季节不进行整地,用拖拉机牵引免耕播种机进行播种,采用机械喷洒化学药剂,保护土地耕层原有结构,培养地力,实现增产。     

白露秋分时节鱼类出现批量死亡的原因及措施

正每年白露秋分时节鱼类出现大批死亡,养殖户称之为"白露瘟",主要是细菌、寄生虫与环境并发引起的综合性疾病。原因如下:一、环境因素1.夏、秋季节转变。此时气温下降,天气转凉,昼夜温差大,导致水环境发生剧烈变化,水温上、下层温差大。     

基于农户视角的土壤有机质经济效益评价——以崇州示范区猪粪还田模式为例

猪粪还田模式是提升土壤有机质的有效方法之一。本文以农田有机质提升关键技术应用与推广项目示范地数据为基础,利用净现值、年利润率、盈亏平衡分析等方法评价其带来的经济效益。结果表明实施该模式的年利润率前3年为负、第4年起年利润率大于零、净现值为12720.7元、投资回收期为6.34年,说明实施该模式前期效益不太理想,但整个时期该模式的经济效益良好。同时政府应加大对该地区的农业补贴补贴,稳定农产品价格,提高农户的实施意愿,促进该模式大范围推广。     

有机肥料中有机质含量虚高原因探讨

NY525-2012《有机肥料》标准的检验方法难以识别有机质碳和矿物质碳,不法厂家将矿物质碳加入有机肥料中,造成有机质的检验结果虚高。为降低有机肥料中有机质含量的虚高,本文从检验方法的修订、生产条件的限制、加强监管和价格识别等方面提供一些解决办法和建议。     

Comparisons of Photosynthetic Characteristics in Relation to Lint Yield Among F_1 Hybrids,Their F_2 Descendants and Parental Lines of Cotton

We compared the photosynthetic characteristics in relation to yield of two F1 cotton hybrids（Shiza 2-F1 and Xinluzao 43-F1）, their parental lines（NT2, H2 and 4-14） and their F2 descendants at different growth and development stages. The two F1 exhibited heterobeltiosis in net photosynthetic rate（Pn） by 8.1-52.1%, canopy apparent photosynthetic rate（CAP） by 8.2-57.6% and canopy respiration rate（CR） by 3.0-78.7% during the growing season. They also exhibited mid-parent heterosis by 2.0-5.2% in leaf chlorophyll content（SPAD） during the late growth and development stages. Regression analysis showed that both parents contributed to increase in Pn, SPAD and CAP in the F1. A low CR in the F1 matched a low CR of the parental line. Photosynthetic characteristics in the F2 were mainly dependent upon the magnitude and degeneration rate of the F1. Mid-parent heterosis in CAP and in CR during the late growth and development stage reduced the degeneration of the F2. Average dry matter accumulation was 10.7-34.7% higher in the parental lines of Xinluzao 43-F1 than in the parental lines of Shiza 2-F1. Heterobeltiosis in dry matter accumulation was 7.0-23.1% greater for Xinluzao 43-F1 than for Shiza 2-F1. Dry matter accumulation in the F1 was affected by either the dry matter accumulation of parents or heterobeltiosis. Dry matter accumulation in the F2 was mainly influenced by dry matter accumulation in the F1. The yields of the two F1 were 39.1-46.3% higher than their respective parents and 26.4-45.9% higher than that of the conventional cultivar Xinluzao 33. The yields of the two F2 were 9.2-12.8% higher than the parents and 14.9-27.4% higher than that of Xinluzao 33. The photosynthetic production and yield of the F1 and F2 were higher than that of their parents. The increases in Pn and CAP of the F1 and F2 were dependent on the photosynthetic characteristics of their parents. It is thus concluded that the photosynthetic performance, light use efficiency and yield of the F1 can be improved by using at le     

高山茶园的覆盖与敷盖

正近些年来,高山茶园的种植面积逐年提高,但由于高山茶园的地理位置特殊,多植于台地和山坡地,不便管理,致大部分高山茶园杂草危害相当严重,成为影响茶叶生长的重要障碍。特别是对于新建的高山茶园,要加强人工除草,种植相关草类或豆科绿肥作物进行覆盖,也可将地表的树木植被或农作物的秸秆进行垄面敷盖,也可进行外圆半覆盖,做到园区水能排除、泥不外流。茶园覆盖与敷盖不仅可以防治水土流失,保温、保墒、增加土壤有机质、促进茶树生长,而且可以抑制杂草的生长。结合茶园实际管理,将覆盖与敷盖物翻耕入土,可以起到培肥地力的作用。