植被截留降水量公式的建立

建立了一个能较精确计算植被截留降水量公式，并导出了截留系数与降水量的关系，公式中所有参可完全由植被类型，植被盖度和叶面积指数来确定，而这些量可由现代技术进行精确测定，由于公式中不包含唯象性质，所以极大地减少了对植被截留降水量估算中的不确定性，也为土壤－植被－大气耦合模式提供了一个可信的计算公式。     

大气CO2浓度的升高、施氮及土壤水分对春小麦干物质积累和氮吸收的影响

Spring wheat (Thiticum aestivum L.cv.Dingxi No.8654) was treated with two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (350 and 700 μmol mol^-1),two levels of soil moisture (well-watered and drought) and five rates of nitrogen fertilizer(0,50,100,150,and 200 mg kg^-1 soil) to study the atmospheric CO2 concentration effect on dry matter accumulation and N uptake of spring wheat.The effects of CO2 enrichment of the shoot and total mass depended largely on soil nitrogen level,and the shoot and total mass increased significantly in the moderate to high N treatments but did not increase significantly in the low N treatment.Enriched CO2 concentration did not increase more shoot and total mass in the drought treatment than in the well-watered treatment.Thus,elevated CO2 did not ameliorate the depressive effects of drought and nitrogen stress.In addition,root mass decreased slightly and root/shoot ratio decreased significantly due to CO2 enrichment in no N treatment under well-watered condition.Enriched CO2 decreased shoot N content and shoot and total N uptake;but it reduced root N content and uptake slightly.Shoot critical N concentration was lower for spring wheat grown at 700 μmol mol^-1 CO2 than at 350μmol mol^-1 CO2 in both well-watered and drought treatments. The critical N concentrations were 16 and 19 g kg^-1 for the well-watered treatment and drought treatment at elevated CO2 and 21 and 26 g kg^-1 at ambient CO2,respectively. The reductions in the movement of nutrients to the plant roots through mass flow due to the enhancement in WUE (water use efficiency) and the increase in N use efficiency at elevated CO2 could elucidate the reduction of shoot and root N concentrations.     

大气—水—土壤界面汞交换研究方法现状与展望

综述了近20年来汞在大气－水－土壤界面交换的研究方法现状，包括大气汞的干湿沉降及水、土壤汞释放的测定方法，分析其存在的问题，并提出未来的研究重点。     

用树轮δ13C重建过去300年大气CO2浓度

The annual series of δ13C were measured in tree rings of three Cryptomeria fortunei disks （OF-1, OF-2, and OF- 3） collected from West Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, China, according to cross-dating tree ring ages. There was no obvious decreasing trend of the δ13C annual time series of CF-2 before 1835. However, from 1835 to 1982 the three tree ring δ13C annual series exhibited similar decreasing trends that were significantly （P ≤ 0.001） correlated. The distribution characteristics of a scatter diagram between estimated δ13C series of CF-2 from modeling and the atmospheric CO2 concentration extracted from the Law Dome ice core from 1840 to 1978 were analyzed and a curvilinear regression equation for reconstructing atmospheric CO2 concentration was established with R2 = 0.98. Also, a test of independent samples indicated that between 1685 and 1839 the reconstructed atmospheric CO2 concentration .using the δ13C series of CF-2 had a close relationship with the Law Dome and Siple ice cores, with a standard deviation of 1.98. The general increasing trend of the reconstructed atmospheric CO2 concentration closely reflected the 10ng-term variation of atmospheric CO2 concentration recorded both before and after the Industrial Revolution. Between 1685 and 1840 the evaluated atmospheric CO2 concentration was stable, but after 1840 it exhibited a rapid increase. Given a longer δ13C annual time series of tree rings, it was feasible to rebuild a representative time series to describe the atmospheric CO2 concentration for an earlier period and for years that were not in the ice core record.     

立春的雪

今年农历正月初九那天，天津下了很大的雪，据气象台说这是近年来很少见的，之后，就是接踵而来的冷空气。年初我国中东部地区大规模降雪，加上近期欧洲、南亚、日韩的暴冷，南半球的热浪和暴雨，让大家不由得不想到让全球变暖的温室效应。但到目前为止，对现在的气候为什么会变成这样的说明以及对未来变化趋势的预见还都是各持己见。如全球变暖说、深海巨震说、宇宙射线流说，而不仅仅是温室气体的排放使地球变热等等解说，大洋环流、冰川时代、厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜、拉马德雷等词汇也越来越多地出现在各种媒体上。     

CO2浓度与氮磷供应水平对黄瓜根系生长及各组织矿质养分含量的影响

在开顶式生长箱内，以黄瓜为试验材料，采用营养液培养方法，研究了不同氮水平、磷水平条件下大气CO2浓度对黄瓜植株内矿质养分含量以及根系形态的影响。结果表明：黄瓜植株各部位氮素含量随供氮水平提高而增加，磷水平提高，也能促进各部位氮含量的提高。植株各部位磷含量随供磷水平的提高而升高，在相同磷水平下，缺氮会使各部位磷含量升高。大气CO2浓度升高会使黄瓜植株各部位氮及特定部位的磷含量降低。黄瓜根部的Ca含量随CO2浓度的升高而显著降低，氮和磷水平的升高极显著地增加了其含量，且CO2浓度与供磷水平、供氮与供磷水平以及这三者之间存在明显的交互作用。供氮、供磷水平的升高极显著的提高了黄瓜叶片Ca的含量以及茎部Mg的含量，且两者存在明显的交互作用。黄瓜总根长和总根表面积随CO2浓度的增加有增大的趋势；在缺磷条件下，总根长和总根表面积随氮水平的提高而增大；而同一氮水平和CO2浓度下，磷水平的降低会增加总根长和总根表面积。总体看来，大气CO2浓度的升高能促进黄瓜根系的生长，但会使得黄瓜植株某些部位氮、磷、钙、镁等矿质元素含量降低，而供氮、供磷水平的提高可以通过增强黄瓜的生长与活力促进黄瓜根系对矿质养分的吸收，从而缓解由于CO2浓度升高带来的矿质元素含量降低的风险。这启示我们在对设施蔬菜CO2施肥的同时，也要注重适量提高合理配比下矿质元素的供应。     

城市植被净化大气价值计量与评价——以西安市为例

对西安市植被净化大气物质量及价值测定结果表明 ,植被净化大气年总价值为 34 2 6 35 6亿元 ,占 1999年西安市国内生产总值的 6 % ,其中年固定CO2 和释放O2 的价值为 2 7 1830 9亿元 ,年吸收SO2 、HF和NOX3种污染物的价值为 1 82 896亿元 ,年滞尘价值为 1 82 5 11亿元 ,年灭菌价值为 3 4 2 6 4 0亿元。并通过MapInfo的叠加分析得出各行政区统计结果。     

我国南方牧草生态系统氮素平衡与循环特征研究

通过在我国南方典型红壤早地种植牧草马唐,对大气N沉降、氨挥发、径流、淋溶等N素循环量进行了研究.结果表明,马唐的生长期内,不同N肥量处理,红壤旱地牧草生态系统通过肥料和大气沉降输入的N素量为26.28～256.28kg/hm2,通过氨挥发、径流、淋溶和牧草吸收输出的N素量为21.95～131.52kg/hm2,N素盈余4.33～124.76kg/hm2.其中,大气沉降N为26.28 kg/hm2, 占牧草生态系统总输入N的10.85%～22.60%; 氨挥发损失N为0.67～5.16 kg/hm2,占施入N的0.74%～2.24%;径流损失N为0.25～0.42kg/hm2,占施入N的0.44%～1.17%;淋溶损失N为0.28～2.86kg/hm2,占施入N的0.91%～1.24%.     

浙江早稻播种育秧期连阴雨发生规律分析

研究了3月中旬－5月上旬浙江省双季早稻育秧期长、中、短连阴雨的时空分布规律，以及年代间演变规律。研究发现：3月中旬－5月上旬，全省连阴雨总的趋势为自北向南增加；在南纬度地区，内陆出现频率大于沿海，浙中南地区所受连阴雨影响大于浙北地区；90年代长连阴雨出现频率地增加，连阴雨是浙江省早稻育秧期间的主要农业气象灾害之一。