攀缘植物在城市园林绿化中的应用

攀缘植物在城市园林绿化中的应用具有悠久的历史,随着城市化进程的发展,其在城市园林绿化中的应用日益广泛。文章对攀缘植物的生态习性以及现代城市的不同垂直立面,对攀缘植物的配植进行系统的探讨。     

玉米植株抗弯特性对分禾器结构的影响分析

玉米收获机分禾器结构直接影响玉米植株的分禾和输送效果,是决定机具能否正常作业的重要因素。通过田间试验,对玉米植株抗弯特性进行了测定,测量出玉米植株的横向最大偏移量,并计算出玉米植株偏折角。得出了分禾器宽度与玉米植株抗弯特性之间的关系方程,找到了影响分禾输送效果的一个重要因素——植株自身的抗弯特性,为分禾器的设计提供了新的依据。在理论上解释了作业时分禾器离地越高越不易碰伤植株的现象,且对比了不同地区品种玉米植株抗弯强度的差异性,结论是最佳收获期内山东省、北京市地区品种的玉米植株抗弯能力比吉林省地区品种强。     

虚拟现实技术在我国农业现代化中的应用

虚拟现实技术在农业生产和管理领域的应用,主要体现在虚拟植物和虚拟仪器上。为此,简要地介绍了虚拟现实技术在农业生产和管理、农业规划与农业资源配置及农业科研与教学等领域的作用,并对其在我国农业现代化进程中的应用做了一些探讨。     

新兴绿色技术——水生植物修复技术

水体富营养化治理已成为当今世界性难题,解决水体富营养化问题的关键是调控水生生态系统结构,使其恢复自然、健康和稳定的水生生态系统功能,提高水生生态系统的生物净化能力.水生植物是水生生态系统中最重要的初级生产者,在水生生态系统物质和能量循环中处于十分重要的地位.水生植物修复技术具有投资、维护和运行费用低,管理简便,处理效果好,可改善和恢复生态环境,回收资源和能源以及收获经济植物等优点,浮岛技术、人工湿地等技术也取得了显著的成就.植物修复技术作为一种绿色技术,将会有更加广阔的发展天地.     

农作物无损检测的机器视觉系统标定方法研究

基于机器视觉的无损检测是植物生长建模的关键技术之一,对图像采集系统进行标定是实现无损检测的基本步骤.目前,摄像机标定的方法有传统标定方法、主动视觉标定法、自标定方法等.为此,对现有标定方法分别进行了讨论与比较,结果表明,传统线性标定法可以满足农作物无损检测的要求.     

Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:

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Potatoes

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After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

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Fresh tomatoes

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From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

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Processing tomatoes

°

From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψ_soil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψ_soil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψ_{soil, dry side} = −270 kPa).

The findings during the SAFIR project might be used as a framework for implementing water-saving deficit irrigation under different local soil and climatic conditions.     

叶用型沙棘育种研究--“蒙×中”沙棘F1代雄株变异特性与选优标准的研究

通过对蒙古沙棘亚种优良品种与中国沙棘亚种优良类型F1代雄株的变异特性分析,建立了选择优 良单株的标准,为叶用型沙棘选择育种提供了科学依据。     

Distribution pattern and conservation of threatened medicinal and aromatic plants of Central Himalaya,India

A study was conducted to examine the distribution pattern of four rhizomatous medicinal and aromatic plant species (MAPs) viz., Angelica glauca, Pleurospermum angelicoides, Rheum emodi and Arne- bia benthamii in different forest stands in Central Himalaya. Results show that A. glauca and P. angelicoides had a higher (50%) frequency at Chipkoan, Garpak and Phagati forest, R. emodi had a higher (60%) frequency at Rishikund, Suki and Himtoli, and A. benthamii had a higher (70%) frequency at Suki and Khambdhar The densities of A. glauca (0.6 plants·m -2 ) and P. angelicoides (0.5 plants·m -2 ) were higher at Chipkoan and Garpak sites than at other micro-sites, while densities of R. emodi (0.8 plants·m -2 ) and A. benthamii (1.0 plants·m -2 ) were higher at Suki and Khambdhar sites. A. glauca had highest total basal covers (TBC) (1.2 cm 2 ·m -2 ) at Chipkoan, P. angelicoides had highest TBC (0.92 cm 2 ·m -2) at Lati kharak site, A. benthamii had the highest TBC (6.48 cm 2 ·m -2 ) atKhambdhar, and R. emodi had highest TBC (4.53 cm 2 ·m -2 ) at Rishikund. For the four studied species, A. glauca showed a contagious distribution, P. angelicoides and R. emodi showed the random and A. benthamii showed the regular type of distribution.     

龙溪—虹口国家级自然保护区野生观赏植物调查研究

龙溪—虹口国家级自然保护区的植被具有较高的多样性,孕育了包括一批国家级保护种在内的观赏植物类群。本文主要介绍了保护区的植被类型,并按照乔木、灌木、草本和藤本将该地区主要的观赏植物作出初步统计,对这些植物种类与当地不同的生态环境之间的组合进行比较。本文通过对保护区观赏植物的调查研究认为,在风景区的建设中应以当地的乡土植物为主,建成具有地域特色的景观。调查挖掘乡土观赏植物,也可以为景观植物的引种开发提供丰富的素材。     

中亚热带沟谷森林及经济植物资源科学考察研究

2007--2009年间,我们分别科学考察了中亚热带典型区系湖南省雪峰山脉和武陵山脉的沟谷森林,在剖析了沟谷地带的地形地貌,土壤和气候等自然特点的基础上,摸清了沟谷地带森林和经济植物资源,同时提出了沟谷森林自然生态环境的保护,通过这一科学考察,为人们认识和了解中亚热带沟谷森林植被与生境提供了科学依据,对中亚热带沟谷森林植被的保护和经济植物的开发利用具有重要意义。