墨兰和蝴蝶兰镰刀菌病害的鉴定

对广东栽培墨兰(Cymbidium sinense (Andr.) Willd.)和蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis amabilis Blume)的镰刀菌病害进行了鉴定.经症状观察、病原菌分离培养与回接、病原菌形态观察和内部转录间隔区(Internal transcribed space,ITS)、延伸因子-1α(Elongation factor-1α,EF-1α)序列分析,鉴定出墨兰茎腐病、蝴蝶兰茎基腐病和蝴蝶兰花梗腐烂病等3种镰刀菌病害,其病原菌分别为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、茄镰刀菌(F.solani)和藤仓镰刀菌(F.Fujikuroi).其中,蝴蝶兰花梗腐烂病(F.fujikuroi)为兰花上首次报道.     

我国荔枝质量安全现状及其对策措施

分析我国荔枝质量安全现状和存在问题,论述荔枝病虫害及防治的关键技术：农业及物理防治、生物防治和化学防治,提出提高我国荔枝质量安全水平的对策与建议。     

西双版纳辣木常见病虫害及其防治

简述辣木田间常见的落叶病、嫩梢萎蔫病、枝条溃疡病、豆荚褐腐病,以及夜蛾、小菜蛾、红蜘蛛、蚜虫等害虫的发生规律和防治方法。     

银杏茶对酒精性肝损伤血清MDA和SOD的影响

[目的]探讨银杏茶、加硒银杏茶及加锌银杏茶对酒精性肝损伤小鼠丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的影响。[方法]将50只雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为5组（空白对照组、模型对照组、银杏茶组、银杏茶加硒组和银杏茶加锌组）,分别给药30 d后,按试剂盒说明测定血清中MDA含量和SOD活力。[结果]与模型对照组相比银杏茶、加硒银杏茶及加锌银杏茶能明显降低小鼠血清MDA含量（P〈0.05）和提高SOD活力（P〈0.05）。[结论]银杏茶、加硒银杏茶及加锌银杏茶具有降低小鼠MDA含量和提高SOD活力的能力,并且具有保护小鼠肝脏的作用。     

浅谈森林病虫害的特点和预防措施

近几十年来中国森林病虫害的发生面积逐年递增,危险性病虫害不断出现。对中国森林病虫害发生日趋严重的主要原因进行了分析,并在此基础上,分析了中国森林病虫害防治将要面临的形势及其应采取的对策。     

A review on the diseases of freshwater prawns with special focus on white tail disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Freshwater prawns, particularly, the Giant Freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, are one of the most economically important farmed species in the world. Faced with increasing disease problems in penaeid shrimp culture, farmers turned to freshwater prawn farming. Freshwater prawns were considered relatively less susceptible to diseases. However, with intensification of culture and increased world trade of the farmed species, emerging diseases are beginning to constitute an increasingly serious health problem in freshwater prawn culture. This article is a review of the important diseases reported in freshwater prawns, with particular emphasis on the white tail disease of M. rosenbergii as it is the most important disease recorded to date and also the most well studied among the diseases of freshwater prawns. Steps to be taken for proper health management in the farming of this species is also touched upon.     

Development and validation of a range of endogenous controls to support the implementation of practical Taqman real-time PCR-based surveillance for fish diseases within aquaculture

The use of Taqman real-time PCR-based technology has recently become more frequent in the detection of pathogens in the aquaculture industry. This interest has necessitated the development of robust and reliable pathogen-detection assays. The development of a range of endogenous control assays to be run alongside these diagnostic assays works to further increase confidence in the latter. This study describes the design of a range of endogenous control assays based on the elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) gene specific to a range of fish species including Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar; rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; brown trout, Salmo trutta; cod, Gadus morhua; haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus; saithe, Pollachius virens; whiting, Merlangius merlangus; Norway pout, Trisopterus esmarkii; carp (family Cyprinidae), roach, Rutilus rutilus; European eel, Anguilla anguilla; and herring, Clupea harengus, as well as a number of fish cell lines. Evidence is provided of the validation of these assays for specific species, a range of tissue types and cell lines as well as an example of the potential uses of these assays.     

广西岩溶区烟草栽培地土壤养分、微生物与病害发生的调查分析

对广西岩溶区靖西县栽培的烟草根际土壤养分、微生物数量和主要病害的发生情况进行了调查分析。结果表明：该地区土壤pH偏高,营养元素除了速效钾含量较低外,有机质、全氮、速效磷、有效锰、有效铁、有效铜、有效锌含量均为丰富,总体肥力较好,其中水田土壤的有机质、全氮含量显著高于旱田（P<0.01）。土壤中微生物总量为1.21×107~9.91×107个/g,其中细菌数量占绝对优势,放线菌次之,真菌最少,水田细菌数量显著高于旱田（P<0.05）。3种病害总体以马铃薯Y病毒病为主,发生范围最广,黒胫病次之,青枯病偶有发生。相关分析表明,土壤有机质和全氮含量对细菌数量或总量有很大的影响,土壤速效磷和pH值对植株发病率的影响较大。     

广西金银花主要病虫及天敌昆虫消长规律研究

[目的]研究广西金银花主要病虫及天敌昆虫的发生规律。[方法]于2008～2010年,在广西忻城县对各品种金银花上的主要病虫害、害虫主要捕食性天敌种群数量变化进行系统调查。[结果]胡萝卜微管蚜种群数量变化属单峰型,即在4月发生量较大;花蓟马和露尾甲的种群数量变化属双峰型,即在4月和9月发生量较大;白粉病的病情严重度的变化周期属双峰型,即在4月和9月的病情指数较高,而病梢率的变化周期属单峰型,即在4～6月的病梢率较高（毛花柱忍冬、红腺忍冬）和2～5月病梢率较高（华南忍冬）,主要捕食性天敌双带盘瓢虫、七星瓢虫、异色瓢虫等种群数量变化属双峰型,即在4月和9月发生量较大。[结论]研究结果可为确定金银花主要病虫害防治适期、制定综合防治方案提供科学依据。     

First documentation on status of barley diseases from the high altitude cold arid Trans-Himalayan Ladakh region of India

Cold arid trans-Himalayan Ladakh region of India bordering with Pakistan and China is one of most elevated inhabited regions of the world. This region is highly vulnerable to climate change and serious environmental threats resulting in reduction in crop productivity due to risk of agricultural pest and plant pathogens. The present work describes the various diseases attacking barley from this region where the status of barley diseases has not yet been explored. Extensive field surveys were conducted for the first time during 2004-2005 and 475 fields were inspected at the 95 locations. Yellow rust, powdery mildew, leaf spot blotch/blight, covered smut, loose smut, foot/root rot and cereal cyst nematode causing molya disease were encountered during the survey. However, yellow rust, molya and foot/root rot were found as the most destructive diseases. Excellent hotspots of the encountered diseases were identified and marked which may be used for the screening of barley genotypes and determining the impact of climate change on plant diseases.