Training versus Overtraining: Evaluation of Two Protocols

Forty Standardbred trotters were divided into two groups, A and B, and subjected to two training methods with a much more intense protocol in the second group. Compared with group A, group B showed an increase in red blood cells, leukocytes, and red cell distribution width (RDW); a decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH); and elevations of aspartate amino transferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), total bilirubin (BUN), and α₁- and α₂-globulins. The authors believe that the concomitance of such findings may suggest a condition of overtraining.     

关于校站联合农机培训模式的研究

[目的]探讨农机培训新模式,为培训学校能够培训更多技能型农机人才提供参考。[方法]培训学校与农机管理站联合举办农机培训班。[结果]通过理论探讨可知,培训学校与农机管理站联合举办农机培训班,有利于扩大培训规模,有利于农机管理站推广新农机具,有利于学员的实践技能的习得。[结论]培训学校与农机管理站联合举办农机培训班是可行的。 更多还原     

Investigations Into Equine Transport-Related Problem Behaviors: Survey Results

Transport-related problem behaviors (TRPBs) in horses are an animal welfare concern, and many training methods in loading/travelling have been recommended to reduce their incidence. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of TRPB and training methods in Australia and to identify risks for and consequences of TRPB. An online survey was conducted, and respondents reported whether and how they trained horses for loading and/or travelling. They were also asked whether their horses suffered from transport-related problem behaviors or injuries, the industry sector in which they participated and details of the vehicle used for transport. TRPB were classified into preloading, loading, travelling (TPB), and unloading. Training methods were classified into operant conditioning (OC), self-loading (SL), habituation (H), and no training (NT). TRPB were reported by 38.0% of respondents, mainly at loading and travelling. Although 43.5% of respondents did not train their horses, OC, H, and SL were applied by 25.5%, 20.2%, and 10.8%, respectively. In 98% of cases, OC was applied by negative reinforcement/positive punishment. Training method was identified as a risk factor for all types of TRPB: their odds were higher in horses trained by OC and NT compared to SL and H. Racing horses were at high risk of TPB (P < .001). Two-horse straight float was associated with a higher risk of preloading (P = .018) and loading problem behaviors (P = .007) and injuries (P = .022). While loading and travelling problems were a risk factor for transport-related injuries, H and SL reduced this risk. These training approaches are recommended to safeguard horse welfare during transport.     

浅谈数字时代图书馆参考咨询馆员的素质能力及其培养

基于数字时代图书馆参考咨询馆员的作用,分析了参考咨询馆员应具有的素质与能力,提出了当前图书馆参考咨询馆员培养的内容和方式。     

Can grain growers and agronomists identify common leaf diseases and biosecurity threats in grain crops? An Australian example

The Australian grains industry relies upon growers and agronomists to be aware of pests and diseases in their crops and to notify their local State Department of Agriculture when they suspect an incursion of a high priority pest (HPP). This raises the question “Are growers and agronomists, within the Australian grains industry, able to meet this expectation?” A training needs analysis was undertaken to determine the capacity of growers and agronomists to identify three endemic diseases (powdery mildew in barley, stripe rust in wheat and blackleg in canola) in their crops. Their knowledge of the top four-biosecurity threats to the Australian grains industry (Karnal bunt, Khapra beetle, barley stripe rust and Russian wheat aphid) was also determined. Benchmarks for successfully identifying these diseases were set beforehand at 70% of growers and 80% of agronomists; participants’ ability to identify these endemic diseases in crops met these benchmarks. However, their ability to recognise blackleg in canola was significantly lower than for the two cereal foliar diseases. There was a significant correlation of region with these capabilities, with a greater proportion of participants in Western Australia (WA) recognising powdery mildew in barley than in Eastern Australia (EA). In contrast, a greater proportion of participants in EA were able to identify stripe rust of wheat than in WA. The education levels of participants corresponded with their ability to identify blackleg in canola. Participants’ knowledge and awareness of symptoms and signs associated with the top four biosecurity threats were well below expectations; fewer than half of the participants answered questions on these four HPPs. Gender, age and educational level did not correlate with the participants’ knowledge and awareness of the four HPPs with the exception of Karnal bunt. Participants with a higher level of education had significantly more knowledge of symptoms associated with Karnal bunt than did participants with lower levels of education. The use of diagnostic services by the grains industry participants is a vital component of general surveillance. This survey showed that use of these services by growers was significantly lower than by agronomists. Awareness of the National Exotic Plant Pest Hotline and GrainGuard was significantly lower than other diagnostic services for both growers and agronomists. Diagnostic services need to be promoted further to increase awareness and use by growers and agronomists. Correct diagnosis of disease and pest symptoms is vital for the biosecurity of the grains industry.     

基于Goldstein模型的农村人力资源培训需求研究——以广西北部湾为例

采用Goldstein模型,从组织、任务、人员3个方面对广西北部湾农村人力资源培训需求进行研究,结果表明,培训内容应包括激发参加培训的积极性、提高文化素质、提高科技素质、培养经营能力。     

重庆市农民专业合作社带头人培训研究

通过问卷调查和访谈相结合的方法,对重庆市120名合作社带头人进行了调查,分析得出重庆市农民专业合作社带头人的培训现状、存在的问题及原因,并在此基础上提出相关对策。     

基于CDIO教育理念的食品工程专业硕士研究生培养模式的构建

将CDIO理念贯穿于全日制食品工程硕士的培养环节中,从课程学习、毕业前的实验或实践学习、毕业论文等方面构建新型培养模式.实践证明,CDIO理念培养模式有利于促进校企合作,提高研究生的创新能力、综合能力和合作能力.     

森林保护专业创新型人才培养模式研究

在借鉴其他高水平大学经验的基础上,从人才培养方案和教学方法两个方面,初步提出了森林保护专业创新型人才培养模式的设想,旨在为培养具有创新思维、竞争力强的创新型人才提供参考。