A review of climate change and the implementation of marine biodiversity legislation in the United Kingdom

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Contribution of low molecular weight antioxidants to the antioxidant screen of germinated soybean seeds

Soybean seed of the Mazovia variety (Glycine max) were germinated in the dark at a constant temperature of 25°C up to 168 h (24 h × 7). Changes in content of low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) in the course of germination were studied. The analyzed compounds were: total phenolics, soluble proteins, tocopherols (-T, -T, -T, -T), reduced and oxidized glutathione, L-ascorbic acid and L-dehydroascorbic acid. The changes in total antioxidant status (TAS) and the peroxyl radical-trapping capacity (PRTC) of the processed seeds were measured and compared to those of the raw seeds. On the basis of data obtained, the contribution of LMWA to the TAS of raw and germinated soybean seeds was calculated. The results showed a very high molar percentage contribution of phenolic compounds (49.7%) in opposition to glutathione (7.0%), tocopherols (4.0%) and soluble protein (5.7%) to the total TAS of raw soybean seeds. The germination process led to the increased contribution of phenolic compounds (67.7%), soluble proteins (9.3%) and ascorbic acid (4.4%) to the total TAS of germinated seeds and as a result, a decrease in the antioxidant gap was observed compared to the total TAS of raw soybean seeds. This study showed that the contribution of experimentally obtained total PRTC to the total TAS of raw and germinated soybean seeds after seven days ofthe process was 48% and 25.2%, respectively. The PRTC results were comparable to those obtained in TAS only when calculation was done by multiple mean values for content of investigated compounds and their relative potency with respect to Trolox. The PRTC values obtained in this manner were higher than those obtained experimentally indicating that high molecular weight antioxidants as well as are able to quench peroxyl radicals as well as low molecular weight antioxidants. Therefore, calculation of PRTC is a more accurate method that eliminates the puzzling question of unidentified antioxidants shown as the antioxidant gap in the TAS assay.     

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Synergy Between Fertilizer and Irrigation Water for Higher Resource Use Efficiency in Field Crops

Field experiments conducted under different levels of irrigation and fertilizers reveal that water and fertilizers increased each others' efficiency in several field crops. However, the over dose of fertilizers in the absence of adequate watering or nutrients deficiency under frequent watering had adverse effects on crop productivity. These effects were mediated through plant water status and related physiological processes. Thus, a proper combination of irrigation water and fertilizers is required for attaining high water and fertilizers use efficiency in field crops.     

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细河沿岸土壤5种重金属污染现状评价

以细河沿岸污染土壤为对象,选取富官、翟家、大潘、彰驿站、大兀拉、前余6个区域,分0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm三层采集土壤样本,分析测定土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni的含量,应用单项质量指数和综合质量指数对土壤重金属污染现状进行评价。结果发现,研究区域的土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni的含量分别为:20.96~78.49,6.73~155.54,22.86~159.99,0.61~7.69,1.87~18.99 mg/kg。6个区域土壤0~30 cm三层的综合污染指数达到1.52~18.7,说明重金属污染严重,且中下游的4个区域土壤污染程度呈现随土层深度增加而加重的趋势;其中,Cd污染最重,所有样点三个土层Cd含量均超土壤环境质量标准的二级标准限值,超标达1.02~24.62倍;Cu,仅富官的部分样点超标,为轻度污染(PCu≤1.49),Ni、Zn、Pb则6个区域均未受明显污染。