不同浓度Leptin对猪卵母细胞体外成熟和早期孤雌发育的影响

[目的]系统比较了在成熟培养液中添加Leptin对猪卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌激活胚的发育率和囊胚质量,同时比较了成熟培养液和胚胎培养液添加Leptin对孤雌激活胚发育的影响。[方法]成熟培养液中添加不同浓度Leptin对猪卵母细胞体外成熟和早期孤雌发育能力的影响及囊胚的内细胞团细胞数目,并且研究了成熟培养液和胚胎培养液单独或联合添加Leptin对猪早期孤雌胚胎发育能力的影响及囊胚的内细胞团细胞数目。[结果]成熟培养液中添加不同浓度Leptin(0,10,50,100和200 ng/ml),体外成熟44 h,卵母细胞核成熟率统计分析差异不显著(P>0.05);将核成熟卵母细胞进行化学激活,第2天胚胎卵裂率统计分析差异不显著(P>0.05),但100ng/ml组与其他组第7天的囊胚率及囊胚的总细胞数差异显著(P<0.05);成熟液添加Leptin 100 ng/ml、胚胎培养液添加Leptin 10 ng/ml与其他组第7天的囊胚率及囊胚的内细胞团细胞数差异显著(P<0.05)。[结论]Leptin对卵母细胞成熟和孤雌胚胎发育能力上有相辅相成的作用。     

瘦素基因在山羊乳腺组织中的表达及甲基化分析

利用Real-time PCR技术,对不同时期文登奶山羊、崂山奶山羊、波尔山羊乳腺组织中Leptin基因的表达进行了检测,并利用亚硫酸盐测序法,分析了其甲基化水平。结果表明:3个品种的山羊在青春期中期Leptin的表达量都较高,妊娠中期表达量急剧下降,此后泌乳期维持在较低水平,在退化期20d以后又恢复到高水平;并且每个品种在不同的时期表达差异均显著(P<0.05),在同一时期不同品种间表达差异均不显著(P>0.05)。甲基化结果表明:3个品种的山羊在青春期中期、妊娠中期、泌乳中期、退化期的Leptin基因甲基化比率均在78.57%～87.14%之间,同一品种不同时期差异均不显著(P>0.05);并且在同一时期不同品种间甲基化差异也不显著(P>0.05)。因此,作者认为这3个品种山羊的Leptin基因的甲基化与其表达均无直接关系。     

Relationship between antipsychotic medication and metabolic indicators changes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia

AIM: To observe the changes of metabolic indicators in the treatment of first-episode schizophrenia with olanzapine or aripiprazole. METHODS: A total of 99 cases of first-episode schizophrenia inpatients randomly received olanzapine or aripiprazole treatment. Body mass index (BMI) and serum levels of leptin and ghrelin were measured before treatment and at the end of the 4th, 8th and 24th weeks during treatment. The status of the patients and the therapeutic efficacy were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: Serum leptin level in these schizophrenia patients was elevated after treatment with olanzapine or aripiprazole, and was positively correlated with BMI. This change appeared at the early stage of treatment (the end of the 4th week), and continued to the end of the 24th week. The relationship between serum ghrelin level and BMI after treatment was only observed in aripiprazole group (r=−0.291, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Serum leptin in first-episode schizophrenia patients after olanzapine or aripiprazole treatment remains at a high level. The correlation between BMI and serum leptin level is more significant in olanzapine group, while more significant correlation between BMI and serum ghrelin level is observed in aripiprazole group. The effect of aripiprazole on BMI may be achieved through the action of ghrelin.     

Naringin protects against high glucose-induced injury by inhibiting leptin pathway in H9c2 cardiac cells

AIM：To study whether naringin protects H9c2 cardiac cells against high glucose (HG)-induced injury by inhibiting the leptin pathway. METHODS：The expression levels of leptin and leptin receptor (LEPR) were detected by Western blotting. The cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. The changes of the morphology and the number of apoptotic cells were tested by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by DCFH-DA staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was determined by rhodamine 123 staining. RESULTS：Treatment of the cells with 35 mmol/L glucose (HG) for 6~24 h up-regulated the expression of leptin in H9c2 cardiac cells with the peak value at 9 h. Treatment of the cells with HG for 1~24 h also enhanced the expression of LEPR, peaking at 12 h. Pretreatment with 80 μmol/L naringin for 2 h before exposure of the H9c2 cardiac cells to HG significantly inhibited the up-regulation of both leptin and LEPR induced by HG. Pretreatment of the cells with naringin for 2 h, leptin antagonist for 24 h, or leptin receptor antagonist for 2 h attenuated HG-induced injury in the cardiomyocytes, evidenced by an increase in cell viability, decreases in the number of apoptotic cells and intracellular ROS production as well as a recovery of MMP. CONCLUSION:Naringin may protect the cardiomyocytes against the HG-induced injury by inhibition of the leptin pathway.     

饲粮处理对奶牛产奶量及脂肪组织瘦素基因表达的影响

 【目的】观察不同饲粮处理对奶牛产后泌乳量、血浆瘦素浓度和脂肪组织中leptin基因表达的影响。【方法】选用妊娠后期健康奶牛30头随机分为3组，每组10头。其中Ⅰ组为对照组，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组为试验组；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 3组于产前28 d开始分别饲喂中国奶牛饲养标准(2000)标准饲粮 (能量摄入100%组)、标准增加20%饲粮（能量摄入120%组）和标准饲粮减少20%饲粮（能量摄入80%组）；产后各组奶牛均饲喂同一标准饲粮，至56 d结束。【结果】试验结果表明，Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比较，不仅显著提高了产后奶牛产乳量，而且明显提高了产后奶牛血液leptin浓度，同时脂肪组织中leptin基因表达水平也增强。【结论】奶牛不同饲粮摄入水平与产奶量、血液leptin和脂肪组织中leptin基因表达之间存在着密切的关系。     

Sunflower-seed oil,rapidly-degradable starch,and adiposity up-regulate leptin gene expression in lactating goats

We conducted experiments to evaluate the effects of lipid supplementation and the nature of starchy concentrate on the regulation of leptin synthesis in lactating goats. Multiparous goats in mid- to late lactation received diets based on different forages and containing plant oil or seeds rich in either 18:1c9, 18:2n-6 or 18:3n-3 corresponding to 3%–7% dry matter (DM) as lipid supplements, or diets based on concentrate as either rapidly or slowly degradable starch. The isoenergetic replacement of a part of the concentrate by either oleic sunflower-seed oil, formaldehyde-treated linseeds, or linseed oil did not modify leptinemia and the leptin mRNA concentration in adipose tissues, suggesting a lack of effect of 18:1c9, 18:3n-3, or their biohydrogenation products. Conversely, leptinemia and the leptin mRNA abundance were increased (by 20% and 140%, respectively, P < 0.05) in goats fed sunflower-seed oil under a grassland hay-based diet but not a maize silage-based diet, at similar energy intakes and adiposity. Thus, 18:2n-6 per se may up-regulate leptin gene expression, but the effect could be blunted by other fatty acids formed during the ruminal digestion of sunflower-seed oil when combined with maize silage. Consumption of rapidly but not slowly degradable starch increased (by 17%, P < 0.05) leptinemia. Moreover, during lactation, plasma leptin was positively correlated (P < 0.05) to adiposity parameters and negatively correlated to fiber intake. The results suggest that leptinemia responds poorly to nutritional factors in lactating goats, thus highlighting the physiological need to sustain hypoleptinemia during lactation.     

An age-dependent association between a leptin C3469T single nucleotide polymorphism and intramuscular fat content in pigs

The objective of this work was to investigate whether the C3469T mutation at exon 3 of the pig leptin (Lep) gene is associated with fatness and if the magnitude and direction of these associations is consistent within age. Repeated measurements on body weight (BW), ultrasonic subcutaneous backfat (SB) and loin-muscle (LT) thickness, and intramuscular fat (IMF) content and composition were taken at 160, 180, 215 and 225 days of age on 162 Duroc barrows previously genotyped for the C3469T mutation. Plasma leptin concentration was determined at 180 days. A total of 505 records of IMF content and composition, which were determined both in live samples of longisimus dorsi muscle (LM) and in carcass samples of LM and gluteus medius muscle, were used in the analyses. The genotypic frequencies associated with the C3469T Lep mutation were 0.76, 0.23, and 0.01 for TT, TC, and CC genotypes, respectively. The effect of the Lep genotypes was assessed using a Bayesian approach based on a polynomial mixed model on age. No evidence was found for an association of the Lep genotypes neither with BW, SB thickness nor with plasma leptin concentration. The posterior mean of the difference TT–TC ranged, for LT, from 0.82 (160 days, posterior probability density (PP)> 0 of 87%) to 1.98 mm (220 days, PP > 0 of 96%) and, for IMF, from 0.96 (160 days, PP > 0 of 84%) to − 1.64 mg/g DM (220 days, PP > 0 of 2%). The results suggest an age-dependent association of the C3469T Lep polymorphism with LT and IMF, which may be useful to explain some controversial results in the literature concerning the association of this polymorphism with IMF content.     

γ-氨基丁酸对哺乳母猪生产性能及血清激素水平的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平γ-嗡基丁酸(GABA)对哺乳母猪生产性能、激素水平的影响及其量效关系.选取经产大白母猪40头,采用单因子试验设计,按GABA添加水平(0、25、50、100、150 mg/kg)设对照组和试验组共5个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验期21 d.结果表明,GABA在促进母猪摄食方面效果明显,对减少体重损失、缩短断奶-发情间隔及促进仔猪生长也有一定效果.其作用程度与日粮添加剂量和哺乳阶段均密切相关,低添加水平范围作用更为明显,且随着试验时间的延长,作用呈增强趋势.就促采食作用而言,50 mg/kg GABA的效果要优于其他水平,该组母猪不仅在分娩后第1周(P<0.01)、第2周(P<0.10)和第3周(P<0.10),而且在整个试验期(P<0.01)都明显高于对照组.从相关激素看,与对照组相比,50 mg/kg GABA组母猪分娩后第1周血清瘦素含量显著降低(P<0.05),第2周、第3周血清神经肽Y(NPY)含量显著升高(P<0.01、P<0.05).50 mg/kg GABA组在分娩时(P<0.10)与分娩后第2周(P<0.05)血清生长激素(GH)含量也明显高于对照组.由此可见,日粮中添加GABA对改善哺乳母猪生产性能具有一定作用,摄食调节作用主要通过影响血液中NPY和瘦素含量实现,效果与添加水平和哺乳阶段密切相关,以50 mg/kg GABA作用为佳.     

Leptin对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌激活后早期胚胎发育的影响

为了探讨瘦素(Leptin)对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌激活后胚胎早期发育的影响,研究选择在Earle's盐缓冲的TCM199中添加10IU/mLeCG,10IU/mLhCG,10ng/mLEGF配制成化学限定的基础液,以添加不同浓度Leptin设定各试验组,对猪卵母细胞进行体外成熟培养。以未添加Leptin的基础液为对照组1,而添加5%的胎牛血清(FBS)、10%猪卵泡液为对照组2。比较分析各组卵母细胞核成熟效率,孤雌激活后胚胎的卵裂率,囊胚发育率。结果表明:各添加组卵母细胞成熟率与对照组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);孤雌激活后,各组间的卵裂率和囊胚发育率也无明显差异。同时,在化学限定的猪卵母细胞体外成熟液中添加Leptin对猪卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌激活后早期胚胎的发育无显著效果。