Climate and land-use change jointly determine the spatial-temporal changes of ecosystem services in Hainan and Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures，Qinghai Province北大核心CSCD

Evaluating the spatial-temporal dynamics and driving factors of ecosystem services is fundamental to the understanding of how to maintain and improve those ecosystem services. Alpine regions are both a hotspot of ecosystem service supply，and sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. However，there are few systematic studies investigating the joint role of land-use change and climate change in shaping the spatial-temporal dynamics of alpine ecosystem services. Here，we first used models of ecosystem services to quantify changes in seven ecosystem services and in ecosystem multiserviceability from 2000 to 2015 in Haibei and Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Next，we investigated the relative importance of climate change，population density change，land-use change and the interactions between climate change and land-use change effects on ecosystem services using generalized linear models. We found that ecosystem services increased in the south while decreased in the north from 2000 to 2015. Land use change（relative contribution was 34%）was the major factor affecting food supply. Net ecosystem productivity（NEP）was affected by temperature change（relative contribution was 77%）. Water purification（nitrogen and phosphorus retention），soil retention，water yield and water retention were affected by precipitation change （relative contributions were 63%，48%，74%，86% and 75%，respectively）. Ecosystem multiserviceability was also affected by precipitation. In addition to the service of soil retention，the effects of climate change（i. e. precipitation and temperature）on other ecosystem services and ecosystem multiserviceability varied with land-use change （interaction，P<0. 001）. Our study highlights that realizing the sustainable development of ecosystem services needs to pay attention to both land-use change and the interactions between climate change and land-use change and optimizing the spatial-temporal allocation of ecosystem services to improve ecosystem multiserviceability in alpine regions. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.