城乡融合视域下农村绿色发展的科学内涵与基本路径

实施乡村振兴战略、推动城乡融合发展是新时代国家重要战略部署,农村绿色发展已成为基本原则和必然要求,关系到城乡居民的共同福祉。遵循绿色发展理念、以农村现实问题为出发点,基于新型城乡关系,从本质、过程和结果表现三个层面系统阐释农村绿色发展的科学内涵,明确农村绿色发展的目标和理论依据,构建农村绿色发展路径设计框架。研究表明,农村绿色发展主要围绕实现资源永续利用、农业绿色发展、城乡关系协调、农村人居环境整治和乡土情结重塑的统一与升华展开;满足延续性、经济性、适宜性、协调性和可及性的基本要求;以农村四分空间和一对关系为基本路径,其中生态保育是根基、绿色生产是着力点、美好生活是落脚点、文化重塑是凝聚力、城乡融合是外推力。因此,为实现农村绿色发展,提出摸清农村资源数量和质量的空间分布、做好农村空间布局的过程管控,合理管控城镇化进程对农村空间的直接和间接挤压;形成以政府行政管理为代表的他治与村民自治的良性互动、以乡土文化为纽带共同推进乡村治理走向现代化;科学客观地评估农村生态价值,探索生态价值向人文价值、经济价值、生活价值和文化价值的转化路径,推动将"绿色"真正转化为发展动力等政策建议。     

高职院校“课程思政”的价值内涵、实践现状和推进方法

以“高职院校课程思政的价值内涵、现状问题与实践路径”为研究主题,深入开展了调查研究,剖析了现状、问题及成因,着力解决学院课程思政实践过程中的内涵价值认识、实践路径策略、保障条件机制、特色与创新等问题,为学院贯彻落实立德树人的根本任务、健全全员全过程全方位育人的体制机制、加强思想政治工作和提高思政课程与课程思政教学实效等,提供科学决策参考及理性认知与实践策略指导,以努力培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。     

空心圆柱土壤试样试验仪及应力路径自校正预报控制技术的研究

采用机、电、液、光一体化技术,研制了能实现土壤试样可控三维及扭矩加载的空心圆柱试样试验仪装置,以模拟农业土壤及实际工程问题的三维或伴随有主应力方向旋转的三维实际工况。采用Wittenmark自校正递推预报控制算法克服空心圆柱试样试验仪各加载通道响应速度不一致的问题,从而使尽可能多的离散点遵循设定的应力路径。整个试验过程在微机IBM—PC/XT控制下自动完成。     

洞庭湖湿地的外来入侵植物研究

2007-2011年间通过对洞庭湖湿地大面积实地踏察,对外来植物的种类、分布、来源、生活型、入侵生境、引入途径以及危害程度进行了统计分析.研究表明,该湿地有外来入侵植物19科34属43种,以菊科和苋科植物最常见,分别有7种和6种.危害较大的有美洲杨树(Populus deltoides)、意大利杨(Populus euramevicana)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、野胡萝卜(Daucus carota)、积雪草(Centella asiatica)、凤眼莲(Eichhomia crassipes)、垂序商陆(Phytolacca A mericana)、五叶地锦(Phytolacca Americana)和大藻(Pistia stratiotes)等.外来入侵植物以草本植物为主,占总数的86％.入侵种主要分布于防洪大堤及路边,占总数的62.8％.外来入侵种主要来源于美洲,占55.8％.入侵途径主要是通过人类有意(48.8％)或无意引入(37.2％).     

林改后林农增收路径研究——以河北省阜平县为例

为使集体林权改革的效果真正落到实处,切实促进林农的增收,在了解阜平县林改现状的基础上,对融资困难、林业基础设施建设滞后、人力资源素质低、产业发展环境差等阻碍林农增收的因素进行分析,进而从政府和林农两个层面提出促进林农增收的路径,认为政府层面要加大对林业的支持力度、鼓励发展多种形式的林业产业组织、培养林业产业多个经济增长点;林农则要转变发展观念并不断提高自身技术文化水平,同时指出阜平县林农增收的关键环节还是要发挥比较优势。     

基于O-ring统计的公路边坡土壤优先流路径分布分析

引入优先流理论分析氯盐污染物在边坡土壤中的迁移机制,对揭示公路工业盐污染物迁移规律和保护路域环境具有重要意义。以鹤大高速低路基公路边坡土壤为例,采用染色示踪试验对土壤优先流路径的位置进行确定,并应用景观生态学中的空间点格局分析方法O-ring统计,对不同影响半径土壤优先流路径水平分布特征及其空间关联性进行分析。结果表明:边坡土壤优先流路径发育深度可达40 cm;相同影响半径优先流路径的数量随着土层深度的增加而减少,同一土层优先流路径的数量随影响半径的增大逐渐减少;随着影响半径的增加,聚集分布趋于显著;不同影响半径的优先流路径之间的关联性相对独立。O-ring统计,能从统计学角度量化分析土壤优先流路径的分布特征,丰富了优先流的研究方法。     

潢川县农民专业合作社发展路径研究

调查了潢川县农民专业合作社的发展现状,分析了农民专业合作社的作用及其在发展中存在的制约因素,进而提出解决问题的有效途径。     

Longitudinal study of veterinary students and veterinarians: family and gender issues after 20 years

OBJECTIVE: To examine and compare some family issues and work experiences of males and females who graduated as veterinarians 15 years ago. PROCEDURE: Questionnaires were completed by 134 of 137 veterinarians who graduated 15 years ago, and who had been surveyed in their first and final years as students, and 1, 5, 10 and 15 years after they graduated. Comparisons were made with official statistics, information from earlier surveys in this longitudinal study, and data from a previously published national study. RESULTS: By 15 years after they graduated, 82% had been married or in a comparable long-term relationship, and 23% of these were to another veterinarian. Thirteen percent of those who had been married were now separated or divorced, and 50% of them had remarried, a similar proportion to official statistics for Australians of comparable age. Approximately 20% of both males and females were doing no veterinary work, but more males (68%) than females (37%) were doing veterinary work full time. Most who were doing veterinary work were in private practice, and of these, small animals represented 76% of the work of the males and 88% of the work of the females. Females in private practice were more likely to be employees, especially if working part time, but those working full time were just as likely as males to be practice owners. In general males earned more than females. CONCLUSION: By 15 years after graduation, the percentages of males and females doing some veterinary work are similar, although males are more likely than females to be working full time. Females and males in full time private practice are equally likely to be practice owners, but female owners and female employees earn less than comparable males. Males and females have similar attitudes to having done the veterinary course.     

冬小麦晚播高产试验及其技术体系的理论探讨——兼论小麦高产途径

以小麦产量形成规律为中心,比较了精播、常规、独秆*~3种高产途径的异同;分析了各途径的小麦生育和产量形成规律的特点及其相应配套措施。认为,独秆途径表现生物学产量较低,无效消耗较少,经济系数较高的优点,是一种具有一些高光效特点的高产栽培技术体系。但也具有抗逆性较差,栽培技术较难掌握,高产稳定性差,高产频率较低等缺点。故应慎重考虑其扩展面积。