响应曲面法建立超临界CO2萃取结晶穿心莲内酯工艺模型

以穿心莲内酯含量为30%的穿心莲浸膏为试验原料，采用响应曲面分析法(Response Surface Methodology，RSM)建立了超临界CO₂萃取结晶穿心莲内酯结晶率的二次多项数学模型，验证了数学模型的有效性，并探讨了萃取结晶压力、温度、时间对结晶率的作用规律。根据该模型进行了工艺参数的优选，以结晶率为指标，试验所得穿心莲内酯超临界CO₂萃取结晶优化工艺条件为：压力20.88 MPa，温度50.27℃，时间97.02 min，该条件下结晶率高达74.77%。     

Dyserythropoeisis, sideroblasts/siderocytes and hemoglobin crystallization in a dog

Dyserythropoiesis characterized by enhanced intramedullary destruction, pathologic sideroblasts and siderocytes, and hemoglobin crystallization was detected in a female Cocker Spaniel presented for poor exercise tolerance. Examination of peripheral blood revealed intraerythrocytic crystals, granulation of erythrocytes, nucleated erythroid cells, reticulocytosis and marked variation in erythrocyte morphology in the absence of anemia. Bone marrow examination revealed sideroblasts, a low M:E ratio and evidence of enhanced intramedullary destruction of erythroid cells. Electron microscopy of peripheral blood and bone marrow confirmed pathologic mitochondrial iron accumulation in erythroid cells and the presence of intraerythrocytic hemoglobin crystals. A cause for the hematologic changes was not identified. After the animal became clinically normal, siderocytes disappeared from peripheral blood but intraerythrocytic crystals and reticulocytosis persisted.     

Nutritional Composition and Thermal Properties of Goldstripe Sardinella (Sardinella gibbosa) Fillets and By-Products

Fish is a nutritious food for the whole family and a good source of protein and n-3 fatty acids. The fish-processing industry produces tonnes of fish-processing waste and by-products annually. Disposal of untreated by-products of the fish-processing industry may cause environmental pollution. Sardinella gibbosa or goldstripe sardinella is commonly used in surimi and fish cracker productions in Malaysia. However, data on the nutritional composition of goldstripe sardinella fillets (GSF) and by-products (GSB) remain limited. The objectives of this study are to determine the nutritional composition and thermal properties of fillets and by-products of S. gibbosa. Results showed that the protein and moisture contents of GSF were higher than GSB. Conversely, the ash and fat levels of GSF were lower than GSB. Levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in GSF and GSB were higher than monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Palmitic acid and oleic acid were the major SFA and MUFA found in GSF and GSB. Both GSF and GSB contain higher percentages of DHA and EPA. Melting and crystallization profiles of the oil from S. gibbosa fillets were similar to by-product oil, which was related to their fatty acid content.     

天然橡胶低温诱导结晶的影响因素研究

天然橡胶(NR)的结晶性能是其具有优异力学性能的重要原因之一。本研究采用不同的凝固方法制备了NR生胶,通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究蛋白质、水溶物、丙酮溶物对NR生胶低温诱导结晶过程中的结晶速率和结晶度的影响。结果表明,蛋白质和丙酮溶物可以促进NR的结晶并提高结晶度,水溶物则阻碍NR结晶。     

纯化木糖结晶母液的发酵试验

采用酿酒酵母对葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖以及半乳糖进行了发酵试验.结果表明,酿酒酵母在72h内能够完成对葡萄糖和半乳糖的转化,而几乎不能利用木糖和阿拉伯糖.在此基础上采用酿酒酵母对木糖结晶母液进行发酵试验.结果表明,酿酒酵母能够转化结晶母液中的葡萄糖,使得结晶母液4种木糖单糖组成从56.6%提升为81.2%,纯化了木糖结晶母液,为进一步利用分离木糖奠定了基础.采用高效液相色谱法对结晶母液和发酵液进行了分析,在发酵液中未检出葡萄糖.     

Solvent crystallization of palm based dihydroxystearic acid with isopropyl alcohol: Effects of solvent quantity and concentration on particle size distribution, crystal habit and morphology, and resultant crystal purity

Crude dihydroxystearic acid was prepared from palm based oleic acid and was then solvent purified with isopropyl alcohol in a custom fabricated simultaneous batch crystallizer unit. The crystallized dihydroxystearic acid was a functional ingredient that acted as multipurpose intermediate for synthesis of various fine chemicals, cosmetics and personal care products. The effects of solvent quantity and concentration on particle size distribution, crystal habit and morphology, and resultant crystal purity were studied. The crystals were purer but smaller and the span of the distribution curve was wider at higher solvent quantity and concentration. Through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, it was observed that the crystals agglomerated into plate-like (flaky) habit with triclinic crystal structure. Solvent crystallization with 80% IPA at 20 °C and solute:solvent ratio of 1.0:1.0 was the most optimized and efficient, producing β-DHSA crystals that has high resistance against fat exudation during vacuum filtration process.     

工艺条件对钢铁废渣玻璃陶瓷显微结构的影响

通过对材料组成和结构的设计，获得了高炉渣和钢渣用量为55％－60％，抗弯强度大于300MPa，显微硬度达12GPa，耐磨性比GCr15钢高26倍的玻璃陶瓷。探讨了微晶化工艺条件对钢铁废渣玻璃陶瓷的显微结构和性能的影响，在一定工艺条件下所制备的玻璃陶瓷的晶相含量可达90％以上，晶粒大小仅0．1－0．3μm，多为等轴柱状晶，以辉石类为主晶相。     

浅谈提高松香特级率的措施

本文对福建省四十家松香厂十五年来生产的特级松香和松香结晶情况进行统计分析,通过对松香结晶机理和生产特级松香所需条件的研究,结合现有厂家的设备、工艺和操作条件,提出一些行之有效的技术措施和可供选择的最佳操作条件。预计采取了这些措施后,全省特级松香率可以从原来的50.01％增加到75～80％。松香结晶率可以减少到2％以下。     

反硝化脱氮除磷-侧流磷回收工艺效能

为了调查反硝化同步脱氮除磷-侧流磷回收新工艺的工艺效能,该试验在该工艺稳定运行条件下评价其污染物(化学需氧量、总氮、NH+4-N和PO3-4-P)去除能力和磷回收能力。结果表明:当进水中化学需氧量、总氮、NH+4-N和PO3-4-P的质量浓度为239.2~259.5、39.6~43.8、38.2~41.8和8.72~11.40 mg/L,出水中相应的质量浓度分别为15.2~21.6、8.5~9.6、3.6~4.7和0.31~0.49 mg/L,满足国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A排放标准;COD主要在厌氧池被去除,NH+4-N主要在好氧硝化池中去除;污水中磷的去除主要由诱导结晶磷回收和生物除磷两部分组成;整个工艺中,磷去除效率为95.9%,其中诱导结晶磷去除率占总去除效率的71.5%,表明该工艺具有较大磷回收潜力。此外,后置曝气池可对出水中COD、NH+4-N和PO3-4-P浓度起着把关作用,有助于提高出水水质。     

冰淇淋混合料液的老化

阐述了冰淇淋混合料液老化过程的条件控制及混合料在老化过程中发生的主要变化。经过老化过程,混合料液的黏度显著增加,有助于凝冻过程中的搅打起泡,使冰淇淋产品的质构更加细腻,抗融性和贮藏稳定性更好。