牛奶中抗生素残留规律研究

为了解新疆地区奶牛生产中常用抗生素类药物在牛奶中的残留情况,本试验按照新疆地区奶牛生产中抗生素类药物的使用方法及剂量进行投放,并采集牛奶样品进行检测。结果表明,青霉素钾在牛奶中的残留规律为：停药1d〉5d〉3d;头孢噻呋钠为：停药3d〉5d〉1d;链霉素为：停药1d〉3d〉5d;长效土霉素在牛奶中的残留量在停药1～11d一直维持在175μg／kg左右。本试验中除了长效土霉素外,其他药物的残留量均低于中国和欧共体（EEC）规定的标准残留限量。     

链霉素快速检测试纸的研制及其性能测定

以分泌抗链霉素(SM)单克隆抗体(mAb)杂交瘤细胞株的建立为基础,应用胶体金免疫层析技术成功研制出SM残留快速检测试纸,并对其敏感性、特异性、重复性、符合性等特性进行了测定。结果表明,检测试纸的检测限为8μg/L;检测上线为100μg/L;与双氢链霉素的交叉反应为100%,与其他抗生素类药无交叉反应;其敏感性与ELISA试剂盒相当,与ELISA试剂盒的检测结果符合率为100%;检测试纸在10 min内显示结果。     

Application of the selective inhibition method to determine bacterial: fungal ratios in three beechwood soils rich in carbon — Optimization of inhibitor concentrations

Bacterial and fungal contributions to microbial respiration in three beechwood soils rich in C (two basalt soils and one limestone soil) were investigated by using streptomycin and cycloheximide to inhibit substrate-induced respiration after glucose (8000 g g^-1), N, and P addition to soil samples. The inhibitors were added as solutions (2000, 8000, and 16000 g g^-1) and the reduction in substrate-induced respiration after separate and combined inhibitor addition was measured in an automated electrolytic microrespirometer. Bacterial and fungal contributions to microbial respiration were calculated using the interval 6–10 h after inhibitor application. The microbial biomas was smaller in the two basalt soils (Oberhang and Mittelhang) than in the limestone soil (Unterhang). In the presence of both inhibitors, microbial respiration was inhibited by a maximum of 45, 45, and 25% in the two basalt soils and the limestone soil, respectively. Inhibition of microbial respiration was at a maximum at streptomycin and cycloheximide concentrations of 16000 g g^-1. The inhibitor additivity ratio approached 1.0 even at high inhibitor concentrations, indicating high inhibitor selectivity. Calculated prokaryote: eukaryote ratios indicated lower bacterial contributions to the microbial biomass in the Mettelhang (0.74) and Unterhang (0.73) than in the Oberhang (0.88) soil.     

混合农药防治辣椒青枯病效果及稳定性试验

以20% 叶枯唑可湿性粉剂（WP）、72% 农用链霉素WP、 77％可杀得WP 为试材,筛选出
20% 叶枯唑WP 和72% 农用链霉素WP 混合防治辣椒青枯病,平均防治效果达96.51%,且稳定性较好。     

链霉素诱导葡萄无核结实技术及其安全性研究

对链霉素诱导葡萄无核结实的使用方法、使用效果及安全性进行了系统阐述。指出链霉素诱导葡萄无核结实的效果显著,科学使用链霉素可以大大改善葡萄的果实品质,且不会对消费者的健康带来危害。     

Effect of streptomycin on electrophysiological changes caused by rising of left ventricular afterload in rabbits

AIM: The aim of this study was to study the changes of rabbit heart electrophysiological properties caused by increasing left ventricular afterload, and to assess the effects of streptomycin or verapamil on these changes. METHODS: The rabbit heart preparation in situ was used, and the afterload of left ventricle was increased by clipping in part the root of ascending aorta. The changes of heart electrophysiological parameters including relative refractory period (RRP), effective refractory period (ERP), monophasic action potential duration (MAPD₉₀) and ventricular fibrillation threshold(VFT) were observed before and after altering the afterload of left ventricle and were compared in the absence and presence of streptomycin or verapamil. RESULTS: The rising of left ventricular afterload led to shortening of RRP, ERP and MAPD₉₀, and to descent of VFT (P＜0.01). Streptomycin inhibited these changes of heart electrophysiological parameters caused by elevation of left ventricular afterload. In contrast, verapamil had no effects on the afterload-related changes of RRP, ERP and MAPD₉₀ (P＞0.05) except increasing of VFT (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: The electrophysilogical effect of streptomycin appears consistent with inhibition of stretch-activated ion channels, suggesting that the stretch-activated ion channels might be involved in the afterload-related changes of heart electrophysiological properties.     

链霉素抗性筛选吸水链霉菌高产农用抗生素菌株研究

农用抗生素作为一类生物农药,具有使用剂量低,环境相容性好,选择性强的特点,因此受到普遍重视。目前已发现的天然抗生素有约2／3来源于链霉菌。利用链霉菌产抗生素能力与链霉素抗性基因之间的对应关系来定向筛选正向突变株,是目前农用抗生素科研领域的研究热点。     

链霉素抗性筛选吸水链霉菌高产农用抗生素菌株研究

[目的]筛选吸水链霉菌的高产农用抗生素菌株。[方法]从海南土壤中筛选出1株吸水链霉菌,以经过自然分离和2次紫外诱变的S6-7为出发菌株,经过紫外光照射辅以链霉素抗性筛选后,再进行摇瓶发酵复筛。[结果]从62株随机挑选的单菌落中初筛出7株较好菌株,经斜面连续传代3次后复筛,发现5株菌株具有较好的正突变,正突变率可达8.06%,效价最高提高25.11%。[结论]将链霉素筛选法与传统紫外诱变法相结合,使菌株的产素能力有较大提高,而且极大地提高了菌种正向突变的筛选效率。     

链霉素抗性筛选井冈霉素高产菌株的研究

对井冈霉素产生菌吸水链霉菌井冈变种SJ-6(Streptomyce shygroscopicusvar. Jingganggensis Yen)进行UV和亚硝酸复合诱变,在含有菌株孢子最小抑制浓度的链霉素培养基平板上,采用链霉素抗性筛选法获得大量的链霉素抗性突变株,筛选到突变株UN-80,在摇瓶发酵条件下,井冈霉素化学效价达15 943μg/ml,比出发菌株SJ-6提高了84.4%。该菌株连续培养5代,其化学效价基本稳定,具有较好的遗传稳定性。     

生防菌ANTI-8098A对青枯雷尔氏菌不同致病力菌株抑制作用的差异性

采用共培养法测定了生防菌ANTI-8098A对青枯雷尔氏菌强致病力菌株F-01-V和无致病力菌株F.1.3-010602-01-A的抑制作用,并以链霉素作参照。结果表明,生防菌ANTI-8098A对F-01-V的抑制作用较强,抑制率与生防菌培养液菌体数成正相关;对F.1.3-010602-01-A的抑制作用则较弱,菌体数为20.0×108cfu/ml的生防菌液对F.1.3-010602-01-A的抑制率为14.7%,而对F-01-V的抑制率高达99.5%。链霉素对F-01-V和F.1.3-010602-01-A都具有较强的抑制作用,抑制率与浓度成正相关,但是对F.1.3-010602-01-A的抑制作用更强:浓度为0.25U/ml的链霉素溶液,对F.1.3-010602-01-A的抑制率为50.0%,而对F-01-V的抑制率仅为3.3%。应用生防菌ANTI-8098制剂进行田间防治茄子青枯病的试验结果表明,生防菌制剂的防治效果达92.11%,显著地比农用链霉素的防效(72.81%)高。研究结果为阐述生防菌ANTI-8098对青枯雷尔氏菌的致弱现象提供了依据。