Evaluation of a pheromone trap for the cotton pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders

This 4-year study examined the susceptibility of nine cultivars of apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen to attack by woolly apple aphid (WAA), Eriosoma lanigerum in Jordan. The cultivars under investigation were: Prima Rouge, Delberd Steval, Early Gold, Starking Delicious, Harmony, Golden Smoothee, Fuji, Melrose, and Golden Delicious. Estimation of susceptibility was based upon a numeric scale of 0–4 for both root and shoot, but each with different specifications. A tree infestation rating was obtained by calculating the average rating of both edaphic and arboreal ratings of each tree. Fuji was significantly the most infested cultivar during the period of study and it ranked as a highly susceptible cultivar. Prima Rouge, Early Gold, Starking Delicious, Golden Smoothee, and Golden Delicious showed lower susceptibility. Harmony was an immune cultivar as it sustained neither edaphic (root inhabiting) nor arboreal colonies of woolly apple aphid. We propose the development of rootstocks from Harmony cultivar. The latter offers a new gene for resistance to WAA that will open the door for plant breeders to produce different resistant rootstocks.     

Planting methods and nitrogen effects on crop yield and soil quality under direct seeded rice in the Indo-Gangetic plains of eastern India

A field trial was conducted during the kharif (rainy) seasons of 2002 and 2003 at the Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The trial was carried out to study the effect of planting methods, sources and levels of nitrogen on soil properties, yield and NPK uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) under direct seeded condition. Planting methods significantly influenced the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Bulk density (1.385 g cm⁻³), organic carbon (0.43%) and soil moisture content (15.46%) were higher in zero till seeding plots than rotavator and conventional seeding. However, infiltration rate, soil temperature, pH and electrical conductivity showed a declining trend under this treatment and were found maximum (11.54 mm h⁻¹, 36.21 °C at 55 DAS, 30.65 °C at harvest, 7.59 and 0.47 ds m⁻¹) with conventional seeding. The maximum population of bacteria (25.60 × 10⁵), fungi (14.26 × 10⁴) and azotobactor (10.19 × 10³) were found in the plot with zero till seeding while in case of actinomycetes the highest population (25.61 × 10⁵) was found in conventional seeding. Nitrogen sources as well as levels failed to bring about any significant change in the soil properties. The highest grain (3825 kg ha⁻¹) and straw yields (5446 kg ha⁻¹) and N, P, K uptake were recorded in conventional seeding and were found significantly superior to zero till seeding (3144 kg ha⁻¹) but it remained at par with rotavator seeding (3585 kg ha⁻¹). Among the nitrogen sources, neem (Azadirachta indica) coated urea produced significantly higher grain (3761 kg ha⁻¹) and straw yields (5396 kg ha⁻¹) with greater NPK uptake than prilled urea and prilled urea + spent mentha. (The distillation waste of mint (Mentha arvensis) herbage is known as spent mentha.) Application of 150 kg N ha⁻¹ produced maximum grain (3828 kg ha⁻¹) and straw yields (5460 kg ha⁻¹) although it remained at par with 100 kg N ha⁻¹ (3738 and 5393 kg ha⁻¹).     

钾水平对巴西橡胶树幼苗磷组分和酸性磷酸酶活性的影响

[目的]研究不同钾水平对巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）幼苗各器官磷组分和酸性磷酸酶活性的影响。[方法]采用水培试验。试验材料为巴西橡胶树RRIM600种子实生幼苗,K2O浓度分别为0、1、10、50、250 mg/L。[结果]缺钾降低了橡胶幼苗各器官中可溶性磷含量及其比例,但提高了橡胶幼苗各器官中不可溶性磷含量及其比例。橡胶幼苗各器官中可溶性磷含量差异显著,且大小顺序为根〉皮〉叶,而不可溶性磷含量在根中极显著大于叶和茎部的皮,但根和茎部的皮中不可溶性磷含量差异不显著。酸性磷酸酶活性在各器官之间差异极显著,但同一器官中,不同钾营养浓度下,酸性磷酸酶活性则差异不显著。[结论]该揭示了不同钾水平下天然橡胶幼苗不同器官磷组分特性和酸性磷酸酶活性的变化特点,可以为天然橡胶生长中的磷钾营养合理配施奠定理论依据。     

施肥水平和种植密度对有机油菜产量的影响

为摸清有机油菜生产的肥料与密度对产量的影响,解决有机油菜栽培中的种植密度与施肥水平,利用有机种植采用的农福旺有机肥,对有机油菜施肥量和密度的最优栽培模式进行探索。采用裂区设计,研究施肥量与密度对有机油菜的产量的影响,结果表明：从有机油菜产量构成因素分析单株有效角果在高肥高密时出现最高,荚粒数在高肥低密下粒数最高;同一种植密度下,单株有效角果和荚粒数有所增加,但各处理间均不明显。施肥量3000~5250 kg/hm2对有机油菜产量的影响无差异,有机油菜受种植密度的影响产量差异显著,两者之间互作无效应。综合各方面因素,以施有机肥3750 kg/hm2,种植密度30万株/hm2为有机油菜适宜施用量和密度。     

山药汁对糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响

探讨山药汁对糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响,为山药的精深加工与产品开发提供实验参考。以大鼠静脉注射四氧嘧啶(40 mg.kg-1bw)建立糖尿病模型,以山药块茎、山药水煎剂、山药汁高、中、低剂量为不同处理,每日灌胃一次,持续9周,测定空腹血糖和胰岛素及糖化血红蛋白率。山药汁可显著降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平和糖化血红蛋白率,并使胰岛素分泌水平具有明显的恢复性升高;山药块茎和水煎剂虽然也有上述功能活性,但显著低于山药汁。     

基于GIS黄淮海平原典型区域土壤盐渍化等级判别分析

研究目的在于对以河南封丘为例的黄淮海平原典型区域土壤盐渍化等级进行判别分析;运用判别分析方法获取不同盐渍化等级的判别表达式,利用GIS技术对判别表达式中相关变量指标进行空间分析,最后综合二者结果进行判别分析;通过对部分样品指标测定,参照前人标准评定等级,进而得出其障碍等级的判别式,可以有效减少盐碱障碍等级判别的指标测定数目,然后利用GIS技术对判别指标进行空间分析。研究表明,封丘境内约有12%区域存在轻度盐渍化;结合GIS技术可以有效提高判别效率,提供及时的土壤信息,对于指导农业生产具有重要意义。     

甜菜低糖原因的研究——Ⅱ.不同施肥水平与甜菜产量和质量的关系

在土壤深层积氮、钾氮比例失调、磷素较多条件下,采取调控氮磷钾措施,5年试验结果表明,每hm~2施氮75kg、磷60kg钾112.5kg(纯量),甜菜产糖量最高,工艺品质好于其它处理;根转化糖、K、Na、α—氨态氮含量和杂质指数随施氮水平增加而提高,而蔗糖含量、可回收糖量则随之下降.适当增施钾肥能显著改善甜菜工艺品质,而增施磷肥对改善工艺品质不明显。     

高等农业院校农业信息人才培养模式研究

本文分析了我国农业信息人才的需求特性,以此为基础,提出了我国高等农业院校在农业信息人才培养中应采取的四种模式:多层次互补,多线并举,产学研结合,因材施教。     

Nitrogen and Irrigation Effects on β-Glucan Content of Wheat Grain

g -glucan is a major source of dietary fiber and a water-soluble fiber component of wheat grain. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of different nitrogen and irrigation levels on g -glucan content of wheat grain in the years 1998-2000. Experimental design was a split-split, randomized complete block with three replications. Three irrigation levels (0, 75 and 150 mm) and nitrogen rates (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) were applied in three winter wheat cultivars. Increased levels of applied nitrogen tended to increase grain g -glucan content in 1999. Non-irrigated (I 0 ) cultivars gave the highest g -glucan contents in all treatments (2000). The mean g -glucan values of Bezostaja 1, Gün 91 and Ikizce 96 were 0.615, 0.391 and 0.361% respectively in 1999. In 2000, the mean g -glucan contents of Bezostaja 1, Gün 91 and Ikizce 96 were 0.704, 0.492 and 0.376% respectively. Correlations between g -glucan content and grain yield, protein content, thousand grain weight and gluten content were significant in both years. The results of this study indicated that cultivars and increasing nitrogen levels are important in determining wheat grain g -glucan content, while irrigation decreased grain g -glucan content.     

Positioning aesthetic landscape as economy

Flexibility is required in modern times to comprehend vast and fluctuating levelscapes of information. The ability to observe, simulate, and assimilate situations and circumstances from different points of reference and view is paramount for survival. This ability as preamble to consequence in landscape is valid, and provides an impetus for expanding landscape ecology from its traditional realm of definitive terrafirma to an assimilation of terraform (i.e. the process that alters an environment capable of supporting life forms). The traditional human-nature duplexity, regarding landscape ecology, is simulated with real and virtual fields in a noöspheric configuration. The involvement of culture (i.e. by consensus of value) and history (i.e. by sequencing relevancy) is a contributing determinant of “real” (landscape_r) and “virtual” (landscape_v) fields of existence and extinction. Within this noöspheric network unique observations of landscape ecology are possible (e.g. eco-field). Suggested in the noöspheric network, aesthetics is an efficiency relevant to life-support systems exemplified by value that precludes aestheticism (i.e. typically limited to a dichotomy of beautiful and ugly). Aesthetics viewed as a transcending process through levels of ecological organization and as a transcending property of transcending processes becomes understood as economy (energetic efficiency) capable of supporting nonmarket and market units of valuation. The consequence of these units of valuation articulates as subjects or objects of criticism within an aesthetic set point model, which measures individual or societal tolerance.