9SZ-2.5A型饲料加工成套设备的设计研究

详细介绍了９ＳＺ－２．５Ａ型饲料加工成套设备的设计原理、依据、设计方法及其结构，并总结了该机的性能特点。     

FH生物活性饲料酵母的营养特点及在蛋鸡饲料中的应用试验

FH生物活性饲料酵母的营养特点是(1)可消化蛋白含量高,各种必需的氨基酸丰富平衡;(2)含有较为丰富的B族维生素和多种消化酶,由于采用的烘干温度较低,表现出较好的生物活性;(3)含有能够在动物体内促进酶活性的微量元素。饲养试验中,以FH生物活性饲料酵母与目前国内推广的几种蛋白源组合成五组饲料,将蛋鸡分五组进行对比试验。试验结果表明:FH组的产蛋率、产蛋量、饲料报酬及经济效益均高于对照组,是一种较为理想的蛋白源和生物添加剂。     

活菌制剂降低畜禽粪臭和提高畜禽生产力的研究状况

畜牧业生产产生的恶臭严重污染着周围环境,制约着畜牧业的发展,威胁着人们的生活和健康,成为一个急待解决的问题。活菌制剂作为饲料添加剂可降低畜禽粪臭、防止幼畜下痢和提高畜禽生产力。该文综述了活菌制剂在这三方面的研究和应用。     

饲用酸化剂研究进展

酸化剂被视为在畜禽饲料中的能有效替代抗生素的产品之一,近几年有关酸化剂的抗菌作用和调节营养生理功能的研究又取得许多新进展.通过搜索PubMed、CAB、Agricola、国家科技文献图书中心(NSTL)、国家知识基础设施(CNKI)数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库及相应的期刊,对国内外在仔猪日粮中添加饲用酸化剂研究应用概况作了较为全面综述.以期为饲用酸化剂在肉猪生产上的应用提供参考.     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中的黄曲霉毒素

目前对饲料中的黄曲霉毒素的检测一般采用酶联免疫法、薄层色谱法等半定量方法,笔者采用高效液相色谱法进行定性定量分析,其中黄曲霉毒素B1和黄曲霉毒素G1线性范围为5～50 μg/mL,黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素G2线性范围为1.5～15 μg/mL,平均回收率为80%～110%,RSD为5.00%～10.00%.结果表明采用HPLC法测定操作简便,定性准确,定量精确.     

Lactation efficiency as a result of body composition dynamics and feed intake in sows

Through genetic selection and improvement of environment, litter size of sows increases. Increased energy requirement during lactation, increases the risk of excessive mobilization from body stores, with detrimental effects on reproductive performance. Feed intake capacity tends to decrease due to selection towards leaner pigs with a lower feed conversion ratio. However, to facilitate sows to wean large litters extra feed intake, or even better, a higher feed efficiency during lactation would be favourable. The objective of the present study was to describe the dynamics of body composition of sows and piglets during lactation, and to relate these traits to a newly introduced trait called “lactation efficiency”. Energy metabolism of lactating sows was described, based on on-farm observations of weight and backfat of sows before parturition and at weaning, weight of piglets at birth and at weaning and feed intake of sows during lactation. “Lactation efficiency” was defined as energy efficiency of sows, and calculated for individual sows at two different farms. The average lactation efficiency was 68% and 65% for both farms; meaning that 68 and 65% of the metabolisable energy through feed intake or mobilization from body stores, above maintenance of the sow (input), was used for piglet growth and piglet maintenance (output). The association between lactation efficiency and other reproductive traits was studied by estimating the correlations within farms. Sows with a higher lactation efficiency showed lower feed intake (r = − 0.27 and r = − 0.35 for both farms respectively) and smaller fat losses (r = − 0.34 and r = − 0.29, respectively). The energy output of efficient sows was slightly higher (r = 0.23 and r = 0.30). The more efficient sows were the better mothers, as mortality of their piglets was lower (r = − 0.12 and r = − 0.16), piglet growth rate was higher (r = 0.16 and r = 0.23), and at weaning their litters were less variable (r = − 0.08; only available at one farm). Results were remarkably similar for the two farms, despite different feeding strategies. Extra input, by means of feed intake or mobilization from body stores generated extra output by means of litter weight at weaning. This experiment demonstrated that an accurate recording of energy metabolism and relevant reproduction traits with little intervention is possible on commercial farms.     

Gut ecology, feed digestion and performance in weaned piglets fed liquid diets

Gut environment and microflora, digestibility, and performance were studied in weaned piglets in Central Vietnam fed a dry control diet (CO), a naturally fermented liquid diet (FE), and a liquid diet with inclusion of rice distiller's residue (RDR). Digesta samples were collected at the start (day 0) and at the end of experiment (day 42). Diet FE had a lower pH than diet RDR, contained more organic acids, had the lowest counts of E. coli and total coliforms (P < 0.05), and the highest counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (P < 0.05). Piglets fed diets FE and RDR had lower pH (P < 0.05), and higher concentrations of organic acids in the stomach, ileum and mid-colon (P < 0.05) than piglets fed diet CO. Counts of LAB in stomach and ileum were higher in animals fed diets FE and RDR than CO (P < 0.05), while the number of E. coli and total coliforms along the gastrointestinal tract was reduced. The ileal digestibility of crude protein and organic matter was improved in piglets fed diet RDR (P < 0.05) compared with piglets fed diet CO. Piglets fed diet RDR had a higher weight gain (P < 0.05) and a better feed utilization (P < 0.05) than piglets fed the other diets. The present findings support the contention that fermented diets and/or fermented feedstuffs can be used for dietary manipulation to improve gut health and animal performance.     

Maize silage particle length modulates feeding patterns and milk composition in loose-housed lactating Holstein cows

This study analysed feeding patterns and feed selective consumption by loose-housed lactating dairy cows fed diets based on maize silage (MS) with different particle length (PL) to establish its effects on overall dry matter intake (DMI) and productive performance. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows were offered a total mixed ration (TMR) with three different PL of MS at harvesting (i.e., long, medium, and short). Results demonstrated greater numbers of day-time meals (i.e., 07:30–19:00 h) when PL was decreased from long to medium (P < 0.05). Night-time (i.e., 19:00–06:30 h) changes in the feeding pattern included an increased amount of feed per meal (P < 0.05) and a tendency to increase eating time per meal (P < 0.10) in cows fed the short-PL diet. Lowering the PL of MS also lowered the selective consumption against physically effective fibre larger than 1.18 mm (peNDF_> 1.18; P < 0.05) and in favour of fine particles (i.e., particles passing through 1.18 mm screen; P < 0.01). Decreasing PL of MS from long to medium and short increased daily DMI as well as the intake of energy and other nutrients contained in the diet including the amount of peNDF_> 1.18 (P < 0.01). The decrease in the PL of the diet also was associated with increased milk protein and lactose yield and milk urea nitrogen (P < 0.05). The actual milk yield and fat-corrected milk were not affected by the diet (P > 0.10). Although lowering of the PL tended to increase daily milk energy output (P < 0.10), the ratio between energy milk output and the energy intake was linearly decreased (P < 0.01), indicating a lower milk efficiency for the lower-PL diets. In conclusion, particle length of MS in a TMR has the potential to modulate circadian feeding patterns, selective consumption of the feed, daily DMI, and milk composition in high-producing dairy cows.     

饲料企业财务管理中的问题及改善

财务管理是企业管理的重要组成部分,贯穿于企业整个经营管理过程,与企业经济效益密切相关,直接影响企业的生存发展。企业通过财务管理、监督控制财务活动、资金投放、资金筹集来实现风险最小化,利润最大化。良好的财务管理是饲料企业赢利的保障。随着我国畜牧业的发展,饲料行业快速发展,饲料企业不断增多,财务管理问题更加凸显。饲料企业门槛低,市场竞争非常激烈,饲料市场中产品存在严重的同质化现象,竞争无序,产能利用率低,影响饲料企业的发展。传统的财务管理理念及方法落后已不能满足现代饲料企业的发展要求。因此,饲料企业加强财务管理十分必要。饲料企业要明确自身存在的问题,制定相应的策略,全面加强财务管理,强化资金管理,促进企业可持续发展。 [关键词]饲料企业|财务管理|资金管理|成本管理     

虚拟经济环境下我国饲料行业升级路径

改革开放以来,虚拟经济从萌芽到不断发展壮大,我国整体经济出现“脱实向虚”的倾向。因此,探讨出当前虚拟经济环境下我国饲料行业存在哪些发展困境,以及针对性地提出摆脱这些困境的有效对策,对饲料行业成功升级具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。本文将从分析饲料行业与虚拟经济的关系入手,总结出虚拟经济环境对我国现行饲料行业产生的影响,进一步结合当前饲料行业升级所面临的困境,提出切实有效的饲料行业升级路径,为推进我国饲料行业升级发展提供建议。