几种抗生素对梨叶片愈伤组织和不定梢诱导的影响

研究了氨苄青霉素(Amp)、羧苄青霉素(Carb)、头孢霉素(Cef)和卡那霉素(Km)对梨叶片愈伤组织和不定梢诱导的影响。结果表明,Amp对巴梨叶片分化影响较小,当浓度达500mg/L时,其出愈率和不定梢再生率分别为96.48%和56.17%,与对照差异不显著;Cef浓度在50-300mg/L时对巴梨和身不知叶片再生均无显著影响,只有当Cef浓度高于400mg/L时,巴梨的不定梢再生率才受到显著抑制;巴梨和身不知叶片对Carb的反应不相同,低浓度(≤200mg/L)的Carb对巴梨的出愈率和不定梢再生率影响较小,却显著抑制身不知的不定梢再生率,高浓度(≥300mg/L)的Carb不仅极显著抑制巴梨和身不知的出愈率,而且完全抑制了2者的不定梢再生;Km浓度大于10mg/L时,明显抑制愈伤组织的生长,且随着浓度的增加,死亡率逐渐增大,当Km浓度达100mg/L时,巴梨和身不知叶片死亡率达100%和96.30%。     

克服植物组织培养中内生菌污染的研究

组织培养中内生菌污染普遍，严重影响组织培养和工厂化育苗。文章在查阅大量文献基础上，探讨内生菌污染产生的原因，分析控制内生菌污染的有效措施。     

Role of integrons in the proliferation of multiple drug resistance in selected bacteria occurring in poultry production

ABSTRACT

• 1. The increase in microbial resistance, and in particular multiple drug resistance (MDR), is an increasing threat to public health. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics and antibacterial chemotherapeutics in the poultry industry, especially in concentrations too low to cause inhibition, and the occurrence of residues in feed and in the environment play a significant role in the development of resistance among zoonotic food-borne microorganisms.

• 2. Determining the presence and transmission methods of resistance in bacteria is crucial for tracking and preventing antibiotic resistance. Horizontal transfer of genetic elements responsible for drug resistance is considered to be the main mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance.

• 3. Of the many well-known genetic elements responsible for horizontal gene transfer, integrons are among the most important factors contributing to multiple drug resistance. The mechanism of bacterial drug resistance acquisition through integrons is one of the essential elements of MDR prevention in animal production.

     

分子印迹技术在兽用抗生素残留分析中的应用进展

随着规模化养殖业发展,兽用抗生素大量使用,不合理甚至违法添加使用导致的残留现象已成为威胁动物源食品安全的重要因素,迫切需要建立灵敏可靠的残留分析方法。从复杂的生物样品中提取纯化微量的残留药物是制约兽药残留检测方法建立的关键。分子印迹技术具有特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简便等优点,在兽药残留检测研究中得到越来越多重视。文章主要综述了分子印迹聚合物的最新制备方法及在兽用抗生素残留分析中的最新研究进展。     

多种抗菌药物联合应用对雏鸡血象影响的初步研究

检测鸡的血象和血液粘度的变化应用于鸡病临床是一个新的尝试。本项研究是为了了解目前常见的多种抗菌药物在联合应用时对雏鸡血象有无不良副作用和观察对血液粘度有何影响。通过检测证实,１．凡与氯霉素联用的,红、白细胞数明显减少。２．使用喹诺酮类药物的会使血液的粘滞度降低。其中以三种药物联用时降低值最大,且偏重于低切变率。从而说明：血液中的营养物质和免疫球蛋白的数量受抗菌药物的影响,因此,对雏鸡不宜使用氯霉素。喹诺酮类药物不宜长期使用。它与抗菌素药物联用时这种副作用更加明显。     

致肉雏鸡脑病的大肠埃希氏菌的分离鉴定

通过采集以神经紊乱为主要症状的病、死肉雏鸡的脑实质作病原菌的分离培养、形态学观察、生化特性试验,共分离鉴定出２株大肠埃希氏菌,血清型鉴定表明,这２株分离菌均属Ｏ１３１,为国内外首次发现;动物接种试验结果为,腹腔接种对ＫＭ小鼠均具有强毒力,脑内接种对１日龄鸡均具高致病性,但腹腔接种对１日龄鸡致病性有差异,其中一株为高致病性,另一株无致病性,抗生素敏感性试验表明,二株分离菌耐药谱相似,对氧哌嗪青霉素、头孢唑啉高度敏感,对庆大霉素、新霉素、先锋霉素、丁氨卡那中度敏感,对其它药物则低敏感或耐药。     

河南省部分地区鸡源致病性大肠杆菌生物学特性的研究

从河南省不同发病鸡群中采取典型鸡大肠杆菌病痛料，分离鉴定出8株鸡大肠杆茵。8株分离茵对雏鸡具有不同程度的致病作用，其中以兰考株和南阳株致病力最强，可使接种雏鸡100％发病死亡，其次是西华株和登封株，致死率均达75％。药敏试验结果表明：8个茵株均对氟苯尼考、头孢噻呋、头孢曲松、头孢唑啉、阿米卡星、卡那霉素、氯霉素高度敏感；大多数茵株对氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、氨苄西林、链霉素严重耐药。O因子血清凝集试验结果表明：8个茵株的血清型，大多数为O78，占75％，少数为O119占25％。     

ACVIM Consensus Statement on Therapeutic Antimicrobial Use in Animals and Antimicrobial Resistance

The epidemic of antimicrobial resistant infections continues to challenge, compromising animal care, complicating food animal production and posing zoonotic disease risks. While the overall role of therapeutic antimicrobial use in animals in the development AMR in animal and human pathogens is poorly defined, veterinarians must consider the impacts of antimicrobial use in animal and take steps to optimize antimicrobial use, so as to maximize the health benefits to animals while minimizing the likelihood of antimicrobial resistance and other adverse effects. This consensus statement aims to provide guidance on the therapeutic use of antimicrobials in animals, balancing the need for effective therapy with minimizing development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from animals and humans.