不同变黄时间对烟叶叶绿素及其主要化学成分含量的影响

以云烟87为试材,探讨了在烘烤过程中,不同变黄时间对烟叶叶绿素及其主要化学成分含量的影响。结果表明,延长变黄时间12 h 后,烟叶的总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱含量适宜,钾氯比值最高,化学成分最协调,工业可用性较好,综合经济效益最优。     

Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of a grouper iridovirus (GIV) isolated from yellow grouper, Epinephelus awoara (Temminck & Schlegel)

Molecular characterization was carried out on an iridovirus isolated from yellow grouper, Epinephelus awoara . The major capsid protein (MCP) gene was located, sequenced and compared with homologous genes from other iridoviruses. The nucleotide sequence is 1392 bases long and contains a single open reading frame beginning at an ATG codon from the 5' end and terminating at a TAA codon at the 3' end. The open reading frame encodes a protein of 463 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 50 272 Da. Pairwise amino acid alignments detected a high degree of sequence identity between grouper iridovirus (GIV) MCP and the homologous genes of other iridoviruses. The MCP gene of GIV was most similar to the MCP gene from frog virus 3 (FV3) with 70% nucleotide and 73% amino acid sequence identity. The predicted molecular weight of the protein of this gene is comparable with the apparent weight obtained by SDS–PAGE. Pathogenicity of the GIV was investigated in yellow grouper by intraperitoneal injection of 10⁷ and 10⁴ TCID₅₀ virus. Cumulative mortalities reached 100% within 11 and 25 days post-infection, respectively, while no grouper died in the control group. The molecular studies demonstrated that GIV is a member of the genus Ranavirus .     

饵料类型对岱衢族大黄鱼鱼体和肌肉营养成分、体色、肉色的影响

岱衢族大黄鱼为我国优质大黄鱼养殖群体,养殖中所投喂的饵料往往影响着鱼体和肌肉营养成分、体色和肉色,这些均为衡量岱衢族大黄鱼品质的重要指标.本试验旨在通过测定岱衢族大黄鱼鱼体和肌肉营养成分、体色和肉色指标,研究投喂鲜杂鱼和配合饲料对岱衢族大黄鱼品质的影响.试验设置2组,分别投喂鲜杂鱼和配合饲料22个月,采样后所测鱼体和肌肉营养成分指标包括干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分和氨基酸含量,体色和肉色指标包括L、a、b值.结果表明:与投喂鲜杂鱼相比,投喂配合饲料显著降低了岱衢族大黄鱼全鱼的粗脂肪含量(P＜0.05),但显著提高了肌肉的粗脂肪、亮氨酸(Leu)、赖氨酸(Lys)、谷氨酸(Glu)、总必需氨基酸、总呈味氨基酸和总氨基酸含量(P＜0.05);饵料类型对岱衢族大黄鱼的体色和肉色无显著影响(P＞0.05),但岱衢族大黄鱼体表不同部位颜色存在显著差异(P＜0.05),与背部相比,腹部的颜色较亮,且偏红黄.由此得出,相较于鲜杂鱼,采用配合饲料养成的岱衢族大黄鱼肌肉具有更高的营养价值.     

胞质型磷脂酶A2基因克隆及其表达量随大黄鱼仔稚鱼生长发育的变化

利用同源克隆技术和cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆大黄鱼胞质型磷脂酶A2(cPLA2)基因的cDNA全长.此外,应用实时定量PCR法检测不同日龄大黄鱼仔稚鱼cPLA2基因的表达量.序列分析结果表明:cPLA2基因全长2 550 bp(GenBank登录号:KF006240.1),其中5'端非编码区176 bp,开放阅读框2 169 bp,3'端非编码区205 bp,共编码723个氨基酸.系统进化树分析结果表明:克隆所得大黄鱼cPLA2基因与其他鱼类的cPLA2基因亲缘关系较近,与哺乳动物的亲缘关系较远.定量检测结果表明:大黄鱼仔稚鱼cPLA2基因的表达量随日龄的增加为先显著升高(1、3、7日龄vs.15日龄,P＜0.05),在15日龄时达到最高值,随后显著下降(15日龄vs.19日龄,P＜0.05),之后趋于平稳.由此可知,大黄鱼从仔稚鱼到幼鱼早期的变形过程中,磷脂分解代谢的关键酶cPLA2基因的表达量呈现有规律的变化,这可能对机体保持体内磷脂的动态平衡、维护细胞膜的流动性具有重要的意义.大黄鱼仔稚鱼cPLA2基因表达量的变化趋势在一定程度上可以衡量大黄鱼消化系统的发育情况.     

成团泛菌 Ljb-2 对番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的田间防效初步研究

 成团泛菌（Pantoe agglomerans）Ljb-2 是从番茄生境中分离得到的对番茄黄化曲叶病毒病 （tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease,TYLCD）具有较好防效的拮抗细菌,其对温室中番茄感病品种‘格 瑞斯’TYLCD 的防控效果为49.77%。2012 年4—8 月在连云港进行的田间试验结果表明,该菌株在田间 条件下对感病品种‘格瑞斯’TYLCD 的防效达到57.12%。2012 年7—12 月,将该菌株进行田间防治试 验,结果表明,番茄移栽60 d 时,Ljb-2 对番茄中抗品种‘迪芬妮’TYLCD 的防效达到45.26%。同时, 用Ljb-2 处理番茄植株后,能显著增加叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b 及总叶绿素含量,提高果实中维生素C、 可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量及糖酸比,对果实品质具有明显的改善作用。此外,对番茄的增产效果达到 20.05%。     

甘蔗黄叶病毒P0基因的克隆与原核表达及抗血清制备

根据已发表ScYLV-P0基因系列设计特异性引物,应用RT-PCR技术从甘蔗病叶的mRNA扩增得到目的DNA片段.以pET32a（＋）为原核表达载体,构建重组表达质粒pET32a-P0.经过双酶切鉴定和DNA测序后,将重组表达质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21 （DE3）pLySs,在30℃培养条件下IPTG诱导表达.通过SDS-PAGE电泳检测融合蛋白表达情况.表达结果显示,在该表达系统中,融合表达蛋白P0是以包涵体形式的蛋白存在;P0融合蛋白大小约45kDa,与P0开放阅读框的理论推算值29.991 kDa加上载体自身蛋白约18 kDa相符,用Ni2＋-NTA琼脂糖亲和层析纯化融合蛋白,免疫家兔制备出抗血清,通过酶联法（ID-ELISA）测定本实验制备的ScYLY-P0抗血清工作浓度为1：25000.     

Effects of different dietary energy and protein levels and sex on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus x Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle

Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the background period of 184 d,23 steers and 24 heifers were fed the same ration,then put into a2×2×2 factorial arrangement under two levels of- dietary energy（TON：70/80%DM）,protein（CP：11.9/14.3%DM）and sex（S：male/female） during the finishing phase of 146 d.The treatments were-（1） high energy/low protein（HELP）,（2） high energy/high protein（HEHP）,（3） low energy/low protein（LELP） and（4） low energy/high protein（LEHP）.Each treatment used 6 steers and 6 heifers,except for HELP- 5 steers and 6 heifers.Results：Growth rate and final carcass weight were unaffected by dietary energy and protein levels or by sex.Compared with the LE diet group,the HE group had significantly lower dry matter intake（DMI,6.76 vs.7.48 kg DM/d）,greater chest girth increments（46.1 vs.36.8 cm）,higher carcass fat（19.9 vs.16.3%） and intramuscular fat content（29.9 vs.22.8%DM）.The HE group also had improved yields of top and medium top grade commercial meat cuts（39.9 vs.36.5%）.The dressing percentage was higher for the HP group than the LP group（53.4 vs.54.9%）.Steers had a greater length increment（9.0 vs.8.3 cm）,but lower carcass fat content（16.8 vs.19.4%） than heifers.The meat quality traits（shear force value,drip loss,cooking loss and water holding capacity） were not affected by treatments or sex,averaging 3.14 kg,2.5,31.5 and 52.9%,respectively.The nutritive profiles（both fatty and amino acid composition） were not influenced by the energy or protein levels or by sex.Conclusions：The dietary energy and protein levels and sex significantly influenced the carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat but not thegrowth performance,meat quality traits and nutritive profiles.     

Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in diets for large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea

A growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets on the growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g^− 1) diets replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% FM protein by MBM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in sea floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m), and each cage was stocked with 180 fish (initial average weight of 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature ranged from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32 to 36‰, and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l^− 1 during the experimental period. Survival decreased with increasing dietary MBM and the survival in the fish fed the diet with 75% protein from MBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed the diets with 0 (the control group), 15, 30 and 45% protein from MBM. However, SGR in the fish fed the diets with 60 and 75% protein from MBM were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in feeding rate were observed among dietary treatments. The digestibility experiment showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of MBM were significantly lower compared with those of FM (P < 0.05). Essential amino acid index was found to be correlated positively with SGR in the present study, suggesting that essential amino acid balance was important. Body composition analysis showed that the carcass protein and essential amino acids were not significantly affected by dietary MBM. The lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) in fish muscle, however, significantly decreased with increasing dietary MBM. These results showed that 45% of FM protein could be replaced by MBM protein in diets of large yellow croaker without significantly reducing growth. It was suggested that the reduced growth with higher MBM was due to lower digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids.