可食性蛋白质膜的研究进展

介绍了大豆蛋白、小麦蛋白、玉米蛋白可食性膜的研究现状,综述了可食性蛋白膜的特点、改性方法及发展趋势。     

出口型花生地膜覆盖安全栽培技术研究

探索和研究花生地膜覆盖安全栽培技术,总结栽培条件选择、品种材料准备、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治、采收等各工序的技术要点,以期为辽宁出口型花生种植提供技术支持,保证花生产品符合国际质量标准,提高经济效益。     

饲料添加微藻对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能及体成分的影响

本试验研究在饲料中添加微藻对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的生长性能及体成分的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加不同微藻,分成5个组进行饲喂,其中D0组为对照组,不添加任何微藻,D1组添加7.5％螺旋藻,D2组添加15％螺旋藻,D3组添加7.5％栅藻,D4组添加15％栅藻.结果表明,饲料中添加15％螺旋藻,尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率最...     

Agronomic performances of biodegradable and non-biodegradable plastic film mulching on a maize cropping system in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China

Biodegradable plastic film mulch (PFM) is considered an alternative to non-biodegradable PFM to mitigate the negative impacts of residual film.However,the agronomic performance of biodegradable PFM in comparison to non-biodegradable PFM still needs to be tested.In this study,we evaluated the effects of biodegradable and non-biodegradable PFM on soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,and enzyme activities,as well as maize growth performance.Biodegradable and non-biodegradable PFM bot...     

玉米旱作栽培条件下不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤酶活性的影响

通过玉米旱作栽培条件下秸秆覆盖栽培定位试验,研究了不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:秸秆覆盖可使土壤酶活性增加,蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性在9 000 kg/hm2 覆盖量下达到最高,在0～20 cm层蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性分别比对照(覆盖量0 kg /hm2)增加46.9%和9.0%,脲酶活性在13 500 kg/hm2覆盖量下最高,且在0～20 cm层脲酶活性较对照增加了3.9倍;脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性均随土层的加深而降低,而碱性磷酸酶活性各层间差异不显著.     

半干旱区秸秆覆盖量对土壤水分保蓄及作物水分利用效率的影响

2007～2008年在宁夏南部半干旱地区旱作春玉米播前设置了4种不同秸秆覆盖量(0、0.45、0.9、1.35万kg/hm2)处理,分析了该区秸秆覆盖量对土壤水分保蓄及水分利用效率的影响.两年定点试验表明,不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤含水量影响存在季节性、层次性差异;0.9 kg/hm2覆盖量处理,在玉米大喇叭口期以前,对保持0～40 cm土层的土壤含水量有显著效果(P< 0.05),较对照土壤水分含量提高了14.2%;秸秆覆盖量达到1.35万kg/hm 2时,土壤含水量不再显著增加.0.9～1.35万kg/hm2覆盖量处理较对照增产显著(P<0.01),幅度达16.9%;玉米水分利用效率较对照增加了4.3～5.6 kg/(mm*hm2),达到了极显著水平(P<0.01).     

覆盖措施对夏玉米生长和养分吸收的影响

田间试验地表覆膜和覆草对夏玉米生长、物质分配和养分吸收利用的影响.结果表明:在夏玉米全生育期降雨量大(但玉米生育初期降雨量相对小)的年份,采用秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖措施能提高夏玉米各时期干物质累积量,具有显著的增产效果,氮肥利用率明显提高.氮携出量比常规对照增加,但叶片氮素残留量较大,覆盖措施对夏玉米干物质的分配和收获指数无显著影响.     

玉米茬不同处理方式对土壤耕层水分的影响

针对朝阳半干旱区春季十年九旱的实际情况,在秋后玉米地设置了玉米地留茬、留茬覆盖玉米秸秆、翻耕、翻耕后覆盖玉米秸秆和翻耕后覆盖地膜5种不同处理方式,探讨不同处理方式对春播前表层土壤水分的影响.测定结果表明,各处理春播前表层土壤水分含量大小顺序为翻耕后覆膜>翻耕后覆盖秸秆>留茬覆盖秸秆>翻耕无覆盖>留茬无覆盖,其中翻耕覆膜处理土壤含水率为17.03%,比留茬无覆盖处理高4.51%,比翻耕无覆盖处理高2.57%,比留茬覆盖秸秆处理高1.27%,比翻耕覆盖秸秆处理高0.66%.     

An analysis of the persistence and potency of film‐coated seed protectant as influenced by various storage parameters

BACKGROUND: An efficient delivery system for seed‐protectant chemicals is needed in light of several disadvantages of conventional seed treatment methods. This study evaluates the efficacy of film‐coat application in maintaining the persistence and potency of imidacloprid on Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill. seeds after simultaneous storage under ambient and regulated environment in paper and aluminium packages. RESULTS: High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed 0.135 mg kg^?1 of herbage material to be the threshold value beyond which absolute control was obtained, and with film coating the latter was achieved even with half‐dosage seed treatment, irrespective of the storage condition. The technique provided early protection to the crop and also nullified the deleterious effects of ambient storage on the persistence and potency of the pesticide. CONCLUSION: Film coating enabled superior pesticide dosage as well as higher biological efficacy to be achieved. Hence, in addition to being an ecofriendly alternative, the technique would be a more economically viable option for storage of treated seeds. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

施氮对不同栽培模式旱地土壤有机碳氮和供氮能力的影响

【目的】研究不同栽培模式下,施氮量对西北旱地土壤有机碳氮累积及供氮能力的影响。【方法】通过5年(2002-2007年)定位大田试验,以不施氮为对照,比较不同施氮量(120,240kg/hm2)对常规、覆草和覆膜3种栽培模式土壤有机碳氮累积和供氮能力的影响。【结果】施氮0,120,240kg/hm2时,覆草栽培土壤有机碳含量分别为9.74,9.57,9.19g/kg,全氮含量为0.99,1.02,1.03g/kg,土壤氮素矿化势为25.0,26.7,29.7mg/kg,矿化速率常数为0.053,0.062,0.056/d;覆膜栽培土壤有机碳含量分别为9.82,8.78,9.80g/kg,全氮含量为0.98,0.98,0.95g/kg,土壤氮素矿化势为23.2,25.8,24.1mg/kg,矿化速率常数为0.058,0.061,0.072/d;常规栽培土壤有机碳含量分别为9.79,9.93,9.20g/kg,全氮含量为0.93,0.99,0.96g/kg,土壤氮素矿化势为23.2,26.2,25.7mg/kg,矿化速率常数为0.057,0.061,0.063/d。【结论】施氮能提高3个栽培模式土壤的供氮能力,促进土壤氮素的矿化。适量氮肥能够提高常规模式土壤的有机碳含量,但会降低覆草和覆膜土壤的有机碳含量,故在采用地表覆盖模式栽培时需配施有机肥。