落叶松干燥过程水分扩散性的研究—Crank方法与Dincer方法的使用(英文)

采用两种改进的多孔固体材料水分扩散偏微分方程分析求解方法,即Dincer方法与Crank方法,分析并计算落叶松干燥过程的水分扩散系数(D)与水分传递系数(k)。使用扩散型微分方程对落叶松干燥过程进行数学模拟,木材试件被理想化为无限大平板状材料,假定木材内部水分的扩散过程是一维的。实验测定了不同干燥介质条件下木材干燥动力曲线。基于取得的实验数据,通过Dincer方法计算了木材水分扩散系数(D)与水分传递系数(k);使用传统的Crank方法分析计算了木材动态水分扩散系数(D)。研究表明,使用Dincer方法计算的木材水分扩散系数(D)均大于相应实验条件下Crank方法计算数值,接近1个数量级。这种结论应该是由于两种分析求解方法间的差异以及水分扩散与热量传递数学求解间的差异。因此相关的水分扩散微分方程的分析求解方法有待改进。随干燥介质温度的升高,木材水分扩散系数(D)与水分传递系数k均显著增大,可以采用Arrhenius方程与木材结合水传递理论来分析解释实验条件下的扩散系数(D)与干燥介质温度(T)间的变化趋势。图2表3参6。     

蛭石与人造沸石氨氮等温吸附理论式与判别式

为比较在高起始氨氮浓度C0点和介质用量W0点上,吸附理论通式Qe=W0qmC0/[qmKw W0(qm-qe) C0]与其简化方程Qe=W0qmC0/[qm(Kw W0) C0]的适用性,测定了给定pH值和温度条件下反应平衡时NH4Cl溶液中蛭石和人造沸石的氨氮吸附量(Qe).在该试验条件下确定的蛭石单位介质吸附容量qm和介质系数Kw值分别为22 mg/g和15.5 g/L,人造沸石的qm和Kw的值分别为45 mg/g和8 g/L.在整个试验氨氮浓度C0和介质用量W0范围内,用该通式描述两介质刘氨氮的等温吸附过程具有很高的精确度.而简化方程仅在有限范围内即C0相对小或W0相对大时才适用.若给定预测相对误差(RD),则C0/qm(Kw W0)≤RD可作为简化方程应用的判别式.     

杉木采伐对集水区土壤热状况的影响

土壤作为森林生态系统的子体系 ,是林木扎根并赖以生存的基础 ,也是土壤微生物一切生命活动的场所。因此 ,有关土壤养分、水分及其土壤物理结构特征等方面的研究报告颇多 (王政权等 ,2 0 0 0 ;张合平等 ,1 997)。但是有关森林土壤的热状况 ,以及林木采伐后对土壤热状况影响的研究报导很少 (康文星等 ,1 989;刘煊景等 ,1 993)。本文在获得采伐前连续 3年和采伐后连续 3年的观测数据的基础上 ,就杉木人工林生态系统土壤的热状况各因子之间 ,土壤各组成成分对热状况的单一或组合效应 ,以及皆伐这种人为强烈干扰对土壤热状况的影响进行了剖析。…     

Thermal diffusion in Masson pine wood

In order to analyze the effects of the temperature gradient on moisture movement during the highly intensive microwave-vacuum drying, thermal diffusion of Masson pine wood was studied. Internal distribution of temperature and moisture in Masson pine samples sealed by epoxy resin and aluminum foil was measured, the magnitude of thermal diffusion was calculated and the influencing factors of thermal diffusion were discussed. Results showed that with the transfer of moisture toward the low temperature in wood, opposite temperature and moisture gradient occurred. The initial moisture content （MC）, temperature and time are important factors affecting this process; the thermal diffusion is in proportion to wood temperature, its initial moisture and time. The temperature and distance from hot surface is strongly linearly correlated, and the relationship between MCs at different locations and distance from the hot end surface changes from logarithmically form to exponentially form with the increase in experimental time.     

桐油酸酐酰亚胺酚醛树脂耐热性研究

以桐油、马来酸酐、双马来酰亚胺及酚醛树脂为基本原料,合成了具有较好耐热性的桐油酸酐酰亚胺酚醛树脂.重点讨论了不同原料,如桐油、马来酸酐、双马来酰亚胺及酚醛树脂的用量、固化反应温度及固化反应时间等因素对树脂耐热性的影响.当桐油、双马来酰亚胺、马来酸酐和酚醛树脂的质量比为1:0.2:0.15:0.25,170℃烘烤4h固化时,所得树脂具有较好的耐热性,温度指数(T20000)可达165.8 ℃.     

木材弦向导热系数的理论表达式

分析木材细胞结构形态,以长匣子形作为木材细胞模型,根据材料导热与导电规律的相似性,应用类比推理方法,从欧姆电阻定律推出材料导热的热阻公式;依据该细胞模型和热阻公式推导木材弦向导热系数的理论表达式,从而揭示木材弦向导热系数是木材孔隙率的函数。孔隙率越大的木材,导热系数越小,并实际计算了24种木材的弦向导热系数,与试验值比较,理论值的最大误差12.6%,平均误差小于6.4%。     

腰果酚环氧稀释剂与E-51树脂共混体系固化性能研究

以天然腰果酚为原料制备了一种高活性腰果酚基环氧稀释剂(CDE),利用所制备的CDE与双酚A型环氧树脂(E-51)共混,再与甲基四氢苯酐进行交联固化反应,通过力学性能测试,研究了稀释剂含量对固化物性能的影响。实验结果表明:CDE对E-51有显著的稀释增韧作用;随着CDE含量的增加,固化树脂的玻璃化转变温度逐渐降低;当CDE的加入量为20%时,固化物的冲击强度及拉伸强度达到最大值,分别为19.17 k J/m2和56.81 MPa,弯曲强度为108.8 MPa。     

Challenges of thermal nociceptive threshold testing in the donkey

ObjectiveTo evaluate a thermal nociceptive threshold (TNT) testing device in the donkey, and the influence of potential confounding factors on TNTs.AnimalsTwo groups (Group 1 and Group 2) of eight castrated male donkeys aged 4–9 years, weighing 105–170 kg.MethodsTNTs were measured by heating a thermal probe on skin until an end-point behaviour (threshold temperature) or a cut-out temperature (51 °C) was reached. The withers and the dorsal aspect of the distal limb were used as sites for TNT testing. The effects on TNT of different confounding factors: the limb tested; rate of heating; and ambient temperature were evaluated. Data were analyzed using general linear models, and Mann-Whitney tests, p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsEnd-point behaviours (skin twitch or donkey looking at test device) when the thermal probe heated the withers were observed in approximately half of tests. TNT was (mean ± SD) 46.8 ± 2.85 °C. Subsequently the limb was evaluated as the test site in Group 1 followed by Group 2 donkeys; end-point behaviour being a foot-lift. In Group 1, 72% of tests ended in an end-point behaviour but the response rate was lower in Group 2 (20%), although TNTs were similar [(47.6 ± 3.3) and (47.3 ± 3.0) °C respectively] for responding animals. Rate of heating, ambient temperature and laterality (right or left) did not affect thresholds, but mean TNT was significantly higher in the forelimb (48.5 ± 2.8 °C) than the hind limb (47.4 ± 2.8 °C) (p = 0.012).ConclusionsWhen a thermal probe cut-out temperature of 51 °C was used in TNT testing in the donkey a high proportion of tests did not produce an identifiable end point behaviour. Higher cut-out temperatures damaged the skin. Under these conditions, thermal nociceptive threshold testing appears not be an appropriate analgesiometry technique in the donkey.Clinical relevanceTNT testing under these conditions is not suitable form of analgesiometry for donkeys.     

橡子利用的研究（Ⅲ）——橡实淀粉的特性

研究了橡实淀粉的化学成分、颗粒形貌、Ｘ－射线衍射图谱与模型、碘亲和力与链淀粉含量、差热分析、糊化温度、糊粘度曲线及冰融稳定性等性质，并对其利用的可能范围进行了分析．