Potassium Substitution by Sodium in Root Medium Influencing Growth Behavior and Potassium Efficiency in Cotton Genotypes

ABSTRACT

Potassium (K) deficiency affects cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth. Sodium (Na) can substitute K for some non-specific functions in plants. Four cotton genotypes were evaluated for their growth rates and K use efficiency grown at various K:Na. The cotton genotypes and treatments had significant (p < 0.01) effect on biomass production, growth rate related parameters, K use efficiency, and K: Na ratio. Maximum total dry matter (2.57 g plant^-1) was accumulated by ‘NIBGE-2’ and minimum (1.91 g plant^?1) was by ‘FH-1000’. Maximum K:Na ratio in shoot was obtained by ‘MNH-786’ and minimum was by ‘NIBGE-2’when 1/3rd K was replaced with Na. Genotypes and various treatments significantly (p < 0.05) influenced specific utilization rate (SUR) and K transport rate (KTR). There was a significant relationship (R² = 0.84, n = 60) between shoot dry matter and K: Na ratio in shoot. Overall, the growth was better when K and Na were added in ratio of 3:1.     

Applied experiments on coal dust inhibitor based on the theory of synergistic effect

The technology of coal dust explosion suppression is an important means for coal dust explosionproofing. The core of this technology is to develop the inhibitor with effective explosion suppression performance. Firstly, the mechanisms of 3 inhibitors are analyzed, namely physics-based, chemical-based and mixture-based mechanisms. Secondly, the existing inhibitors are categorized and the basic property of the novel inhibitor is put forward. Then, the technology of synergistic mixtures is adopted to tap inhibitors by choosing 3 monomers (aluminum hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate and diatomaceous earth) and synthesizing, and finally get 3 new inhibitors A, B and C. Utilizing 20 L spherical explosion test system, based on the index of parameters of explicability, the effect of the novel inhibitor is verified by explosion testing. The results indicate mixtures of inhibitors obtain good results, realize synergism and perform much better than traditional inhibitors.     

Mapping QTL for fat area ratios and serum leptin concentrations in a Duroc purebred population

The reduction of extra subcutaneous, intermuscular and abdominal fat is important to increase the carcass lean percentage of pigs. Image analyses of fat area ratios were effective for estimation of separated fat in pig carcasses. Serum concentrations of leptin are useful as physiological predictors of fat accumulation in pigs. The objectives of the present study were to perform a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for fat area ratios and serum leptin concentrations in a Duroc purebred population. Pigs (n = 226 to 538) were measured for fat area ratios of carcass cross‐sections at the fifth to sixth thoracic vertebrae, half body length and last thoracic vertebra using an image analysis system, and serum leptin concentration. In total, animals were genotyped for 129 markers and used for QTL analysis. For fat area ratios, four significant and 12 suggestive QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12 and 13. Significant QTLs were detected on the same region of chromosome 6, which was located near a leptin receptor gene. For serum leptin concentrations, two significant and two suggestive QTLs were detected on chromosomes 6, 9, and 16, and the QTLs on chromosome 6 were also in the same region for fat area ratios.     

氮磷钾肥配比对‘中林1号’主要营养物质含量的影响

研究了施用不同氮、磷、钾配比肥料对大田条件下盛果期早实核桃（JuglansregiaL．）中林1号坚果主要营养物质含量的影响。结果表明,处理10（N：P：K=3．83kg：1．3kg：3．9kg）及处理11（N：P：K=6kg：1．3kg：2．6kg）的粗脂肪含量显著高于其它处理;处理10对蛋白质的积累最有益,果仁中蛋白质含量最高;同时处理10样品中可溶糖的含量最高;处理8（N：P：K=3．83kg：1．3kg：0kg）样品中还原糖的含量最高。     

爪哇木棉苗木对不同配比肥料的生长响应

以1 a生爪哇木棉营养袋播种苗为研究对象,采用L25(53)正交试验设计,研究不同施肥配比对爪哇木棉苗期生长的影响.结果表明:爪哇木棉苗木高生长最优肥料配比组合为N3P5K2,地径生长最优组合为N2P4K5,主根长最高为N2P4K5,而I级侧根数最高为N3P5K2;通过4个生长指标主成分分析及标准化计算,确定最优施肥组合为N2P5K1,即尿素肥10.87 g/m2+过磷酸钙肥388.89 g/m2+硫酸钾肥0 g/m2.苗期施肥有利于幼苗的生长,能够有效促进侧根伸长和数量的增加,从促进苗木质量及经济价值考虑,爪哇木棉苗期施肥效益显著.     

培养基和土壤中木霉菌与绿僵菌微生态关系

为研究木霉菌与绿僵菌在平板及土壤中相互关系,以不同配比同时接种2株菌,采用平板对峙和土壤再分离试验,观察2种菌株生长过程相互作用。采用先接种绿僵菌,间隔不同时间后接种木霉菌,观察2种菌株生长及相互影响。结果表明:2种菌株同时接种时,木霉菌与绿僵菌比例1:100时,平板上木霉菌平均生长距离是绿僵菌的6倍,土壤中培养4d后绿僵菌难以从木霉菌中分离得到,木霉菌对绿僵菌生长具有极显著的抑制作用,木霉菌生长处于优势,绿僵菌生长受抑制。先接种绿僵菌,7d后接种木霉菌,当2种菌株生长处于稳定后,平板上绿僵菌生长距离略低于木霉菌生长距离1mm,土壤中绿僵菌孢子量高于木霉菌,木霉菌的生长优势减弱,绿僵菌生长速率提高,二者生长趋于平衡,可实现一定水平的共存。因此,需要深入研究木霉菌和绿僵菌在土壤中复杂的微生态关系,寻找避免两者直接生态竞争的关键技术,才能实现2种菌剂的协同使用。     

咯菌腈与苯醚甲环唑等三种药剂复配对马铃薯早疫病菌（Alternaria solani）的联合毒力

采用菌丝生长速率法测定咯菌腈分别与丁香菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯或苯醚甲环唑3种药剂复配对马铃薯早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)的联合毒力,以Wadley公式评价咯菌腈与其他3种药剂复配对抑制早疫病菌菌丝生长是否有增效作用。通过田间试验验证咯菌腈与其他药剂有增效作用的桶混产品对马铃薯早疫病的防治效果。结果表明,咯菌腈与上述3种药剂按9种配比混合均无拮抗作用(增效系数均大于0.5),咯菌腈与苯醚甲环唑以5∶1复配有明显的增效作用(增效系数SR 2.02),与丁香菌酯或吡唑醚菌酯的9种配比混合物有加和作用(SR介于0.5与1.5之间)。在田间咯菌腈与苯醚甲环唑以5∶1桶混,并以105g/hm2的剂量施用,防效可达85%以上、增产率40%以上,显著高于同浓度单剂的防效和增产率。     

浸提条件和浸提剂类型对土壤重金属浸提效率的影响

探讨不同土水比和不同浸提时间对土壤重金属浸出量的影响,并测定4种不同浸提剂对4种类型土壤Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd的浸提量。结果表明,EDTA-2Na和DTPA为浸提剂时,随土水比增加,浸提液中Cu、Zn含量呈增加趋势;浸提时间增加,重金属浸出量相应增加。在4种浸提剂中,EDTA-2Na的浸提效率最高。对于4种土壤而言,EDTA-2Na是最适宜的浸提剂。     

小麦纹枯病产量损失估计研究

研究了小麦纹枯病病情指数与产量损失率及千粒重的关系。结果表明,产量损失率随着病情指数的增加而增大;千粒重随着病情指数的增加呈下降趋势,并在此基础上组建了病情指数与产量损失率的关系模型,病情指数与千粒重的关系模型。