蜂胶的挥发性成分及其生物学活性研究进展

蜂胶具有广泛的生物学活性和药理学活性,其中的挥发性成分是蜂胶发挥生物活性的重要组成部分。现对蜂胶挥发性成分的提取方法、化学组成、生物活性的研究作一综述,以期为今后的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考。     

链霉菌NND－52菌株及其次生代谢物的鉴定

对从土壤中分离的ＮＮＤ－５２菌株的形态、培养特征、生理生化特征及其拮抗性进行综合分析，确定该菌株属于吸水链霉菌。该菌表现了对水稻纹枯菌、小麦赤霉菌等植物病原菌的抑制活性。发酵上清液对稗草、马唐等杂草显示除草活性。上清液中活性成分经提纯结晶并经紫外吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱、核磁共振波谱、质谱检测及元素分析，证实其结构为除莠霉素Ａ（ｈｅｒｂｉｍｙｃｉｎＡ）。ＮＮＤ－５２菌株的菌丝体干粉添加于饲料中喂鸡，表现出抗鸡球虫并使鸡增重的效果。     

14种中药植物杀虫活性的初步研究

采用环流热提的方法获得了丁香、美洲商陆、姜黄、马钱子、土槿皮、紫荆皮、地肤子、蓖麻、巴豆、白芷、乌头、甘松、狼毒、纂芦等14种中药植物的乙醇、乙醚提取物。在实验室条件下测定了这些植物的提取物对粘虫的触杀和胃毒活性，以及乙醇提取物对嗜卷书虱成虫的熏蒸活性。结果表明。巴豆、乌头、姜黄、紫荆皮、土槿皮的杀虫活性比较明显，以稀释10倍的提取物处理后的玉米叶片饲喂粘虫，48h后，乙醇提取物的校正死亡率分别是43．3％，46．7％，22．2％，25．8％，22．6％，乙醚提取物分剐是65．0％，55．0％，60．0％，30．0％，60．0％；提取物用丙酮稀释20倍后，每头3龄粘虫点滴1μl。48h后乙醇提取物的校正死亡率分别是72．5％，25．0％，10．0％，37．5％，32．5％，乙醚提取物分别是60．0％，40．0％，35．0％，7．5％，27．5％；其中紫荆皮和土槿皮均表现出一定麻痹作用；以2mg／L紫槿皮、姜黄、丁香和商陆的乙醇提取物对嗜卷书虱进行熏蒸处理，24h后的校正死亡率为100％，95％，100％和80％，而其余的10种中药植物基本没有熏蒸活性。     

芽孢杆菌纤溶酶的纯化及其生物活性研究

芽孢杆菌2^#（Bs-2）的发酵液经过硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤层析、Q-Sepharose阴离子交换层析、电泳制备和电源洗脱。获得一种具有纤溶性的蛋白酶;该蛋白酶由3个亚基组成,分子量分别为23KD,SSKD,19KD,全酶分子量约为64KD;经纤维蛋白平板测定表明,该酶既具有纤溶酶作用,又具有激活纤溶酶原的作用。     

多杀菌素的研究进展

介绍了一类由发酵产物分离的新颖大环内酯化合物多杀菌素,它对鳞翅目害虫活性很高,且对大多数的咀嚼式口器害虫有效。阐述了其化学结构、物理性质、生物活性、开发过程、全合成中的难点以及对分子改造的最新研究。     

A new hydroxylated nonaprenylhydroquinone from the Mediterranean marine sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus

Chemical investigation of the Mediterranean sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus led to the isolation of a new hydroxylated nonaprenylhydroquinone, along with two known metabolites, hepta- and octaprenylhydroquinones. The structure of the new metabolite was assigned by extensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses and MS studies. The antileukemic effect of the three compounds towards the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells line K562 was also evaluated.     

黄腐酸对乙草胺生物活性及持效期的影响

采用玉米根长法或芽长法研究了黄腐酸对乙草胺的生物活性、持效期和除草效果的影响.结果显示:乙草胺浓度和玉米根芽生长呈明显负线性关系,乙草胺浓度与根芽的线性方程为Y1=0.098x1+9.449和Y2=0.079x2+22.255,相关系数R1=-0.9916、R2=-0.9809;黄腐酸能够提高乙草胺的生物活性和除草效果,并延长乙草胺的持效期,添加0.25%～4.00%黄腐酸,乙草胺抑制玉米芽长和根长的活性分别提高7.12%～14.27%和6.32%～11.65%,其持效期延长0.46～12.17天:施药后28天,添加0.5%～2.0%的黄腐酸使乙草胺防除稗草的鲜重抑制率提高11.93%～16.88%.     

假蒟提取物对皮氏叶螨的生物活性测定

通过索氏抽提和乙醇浸提法提取假蒟(Rper.saormentosum Roxb.)杀虫活性成分,即获得乙醇浸提物、乙醇索氏提取物和石油醚索氏提取物,研究其对皮氏叶螨(Tetranychus pieroei McGregor)各龄虫的触杀及对成螨驱避、产卵抑制等方面的生物活性.结果表明:乙醇浸提物和石油醚索氏提取物对皮氏叶螨卵的毒杀效果均较好,用20mg/g的浓度处理后,杀卵效果均在95%以上:对若螨的生物活性以乙醇索氏提取物最好,当浓度为15mg/g时,校正死亡率达95.19%,明显强于石油醚索氏提取物;乙醇浸提物、乙醇索氏提取物和石油醚索氏提取物对成螨的LC50分别为3.2141,6.093 1,3.518 8 mg/g,LC95分别为8.5750,18.700 7,9.311 4 mg/g;用质量分数0.4%乙醇浸提物和石油醚索氏提取液处理的皮氏叶螨成螨寿命明显短于乙醇索氏提取物和对照,产卵抑制指数以石油醚索氏提取物最高,为0.1465,乙醇索氏提取物最低,为0.0825;3种提取物对皮氏叶螨均有良好的驱避作用.     

Expression,Purification and Bioactivities Analysis of Recombinant Active Peptide from Shark Liver

The Active Peptide from Shark Liver (APSL) was expressed in E. coli BL21 cells. The cDNA encoding APSL protein was obtained from shark regenerated hepatic tissue by RT-PCR, then it was cloned in the pET-28a expression vector. The expressed fusion protein was purified by Ni-IDA affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and HPLC analysis showed the purity of the purified fusion protein was more than 98%. The recombinant APSL (rAPSL) was tested for its biological activity both in vitro, by its ability to improve the proliferation of SMMC7721 cells, and in vivo, by its significant protective effects against acute hepatic injury induced by CCl₄ and AAP (acetaminophen) in mice. In addition, the rAPSL could decrease the blood glucose concentration of mice with diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan. Paraffin sections of mouse pancreas tissues showed that rAPSL (3 mg/kg) could effectively protect mouse islets from lesions induced by alloxan, which indicated its potential application in theoretical research and industry.