覆草栽培对甜樱桃生长及光合速率的影响

选择6年生甜樱桃Cerasus avium品种红灯Cerasus avium‘Hongdeng’的试验基地开展覆草试验。覆草栽培与裸土对照交互排列,小区面积333.5 m2,重复3次,翌年开始生长调查。结果表明:覆草栽培可以使樱桃新梢旺长期提前;新梢长度、粗度、百叶质量和叶面积分别比对照提高20.4%,30.2%,20.5%和5.3%;叶绿素质量分数和光合速率分别比对照增加了35.8%和54.7%;覆草栽培还能明显增加树体中氮、钾、钙元素的质量分数,降低铁、镁、锰元素的质量分数;覆草使根量增加,根位上升。图2表4参16     

膜下滴灌对棉田生态环境及作物生长的影响

通过田间试验研究了膜下滴灌对棉田生态环境状况及棉花生长发育及产量形成的影响。结果表明,膜下滴灌与常规灌溉相比,覆膜滴灌改变了棉花田间水分环境,为棉花的生长创造了良好的水、肥、气、热条件,有利于棉花生长发育;同时,可以减少地面蒸发,减少灌溉水的深层渗漏,保持土壤肥力,提高水分利用率,增加作物产量,具有良好的经济、生态和社会效益。     

土壤砂砾覆盖对入渗和蒸发影响研究进展

砂砾覆盖能防止土壤表面受到雨滴侵蚀,切断土壤的毛细管作用,从而对土壤入渗和蒸发规律产生影响。介绍了国内外砂砾覆盖对入渗和蒸发规律影响的研究成果,现有研究结果表明,降雨入渗与砾石覆盖度之间既有正相关关系,又有负相关关系,入渗不仅与砂砾粒径有关,还与砂砾在土壤表面所处的位置有关;砂砾覆盖能够抑制蒸发,抑制效果与砂砾粒径大小、颜色和厚度等有关。另外,一些国外学者通过定量化模型描述了砂砾覆盖条件下入渗和蒸发规律,但这些定量化模型还是最基本的简化模型,主要偏重于理论说明,直接应用于实践还存在一些问题。     

冬小麦有机生产与植体覆盖技术的研究

以冬小麦(Triticum aestiwum L.)有机生产为例，研究了有机农业不同方式氮素供应的能力差异，对比了植体覆盖(S1)和施用有机肥(S2)两个生产系统。结果表明，前者在小麦抽穗前的生长量和植株体内的NPK含量明显低于后者。此后，植体覆盖系统冬小麦生长和NPK吸收都有一个明显的飞跃。最后，植体覆盖小麦单产和麦粒含氮量均与施用有机肥的小麦接近。这一变化趋势与土壤可溶性氮素含量变化一致，而且土壤可溶性氮素含量与植体覆盖作物的生长量一致。     

地膜覆盖对大蒜生长发育及产量的影响

地膜覆盖栽培大蒜试验研究结果表明，地膜覆盖栽培能够增高土温、提高土壤相对湿度．明显促进大蒜生长，加速发育，显著提高产量，平均０．１５公顷（１亩）产量可比对照提高５８．３３％，经济效益十分显著。     

旱地玉米免耕整秸秆覆盖土壤养分、结构和生物研究

４年试验结果表明，免耕整秸秆半覆盖可增加表层土壤有机质积累，提高土壤养分含量，土壤徽生物量也相应增加，从而改善了土壤结构，提高了土壤肥力。     

夏玉米残茬覆盖与耕作方式的研究

对小麦机械收获后残茬覆盖与不覆盖两种条件下免耕、翻耕和间隔深松三种土壤耕作方式夏玉米的营养生长及籽粒产量进行了研究。结果表明,残茬覆盖和深松耕作玉米播种后出苗率高,次生根条数多,株高增加而基部节间缩短,叶面积系数提高,最终产量显著高于其他处理。     

烤烟地膜覆盖栽培分析

 在云南省高海拔地区烤烟地膜覆盖栽培技术是一项提高烤烟产量、质量的重要措施之一.但由于施肥种类的不当,造成土壤日趋贫瘠,烤烟品质下降等;一些新开发的低海拔热区种植夏烟,盲目地采用地膜覆盖技术,引起膜内温度过高等不良因素,影响了烤烟正常生长发育,造成烟株蹲棵不长,甚至早花,使烤烟产量减少,品质下降,以及因覆膜把烤烟适种范围推至高寒山区等不利因素.本文根据烤烟生长发育的特点,较全面地分析了高海拔、低海拔地区烤烟地膜覆盖栽培的问题所在.在分析研究的基础上,得出了高海拔地膜烟需增施有机肥,其施用量占所需施肥总量的2/3对一些海拔低于1800m的烟区,特别热区,不适宜采用该项技术,在夏烟上应停止使用.     

Screening and selecting novel AM fungi and Azotobacter strain for inoculating apple under soil solarization and chemical disinfestation with mulch practices for sustainable nursery management

The objective of this study is to investigate the response of screening, and selection of novel indigenous AM fungal species and Azotobacter chroococcum strains for inoculating apple under different soil disinfestations and moisture conservation mulch practices for sustainable nursery management. Two local AM fungal species namely, Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerdemann) and Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.), and two strains of A. chroococcum viz., A. chroococcum strain-I (AZ₁) and A. chroococcum strain-II (AZ₂) were inoculated at nursery stage under soil solarization, chemical disinfestation and natural soil conditions at four different mulch materials namely, black plastic mulch (BPM), and organic mulches, i.e. grass mulch (GM); cover crops (CC); green manuring + clean cultivation (Gm + Cc). The comparative performance of the seedlings on the impact of local AM species and A. chroococcum strains on growth characteristics, microbial population, root colonization and leaf nutrient status was evaluated. The inoculation of seedlings to G. fasciculatum and AZ₁ increased all growth characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and total root length), microbial consortium of the rhizosphere soil and leaf N, P, K and Zn content in all those plots where soil solarization and black plastic mulching was used followed by chemical disinfestations and natural soil conditions at all other mulch types used. These findings suggested that the soil inoculation of G. fasciculatum and AZ₁ strain to seeds and/or the saplings under soil solarization with black plastic mulch attained a desirable plant height and become ready for grafting which however saved a period of 1 year for nursery management compared to traditional nursery raising practice, and thus, it may be a viable and feasible approach to maintain soil productivity under nutrient limited soils for sustainable apple nursery production under temperate rain-fed conditions.     

辽宁玉米全膜覆盖高产栽培技术

玉米全膜覆盖栽培技术是一项集保温增墒、集雨增墒为一体的增产技术。介绍玉米全膜覆盖高产栽培技术各主要环节的操作要点。经示范种植,得到平均产量达734.8kg/667m2,较裸地增产177.2kg/667m2,保温抗旱效果十分显著。