大豆磷脂羟酰化的研究

对大豆磷脂羟酰化的研究，所得产品具有良好的乳化性、润湿性和乳化稳定性．结果表明，过氧化氢加入量对产品的质量和主要性质有显著影响，温度对碘值和过氧化值分别有一定的和显著影响，低压蒸汽的量对过氧化值有一定的影响，氢氧化钠加入量对乳化稳定性有一定的影响，并得出磷脂羟酰化的最佳工艺条件．     

桉树容器快速育苗试验

桉树采用营养土容器育苗,能缩短苗期管理时间,减少苗期地下病虫危害,自播种后60～70d即可造林,并能提高造林成活率。     

Effects of the Application of Amorphous Silica on Transpiration and Photosynthesis of Soybean Plants Under Varied Soil and Relative Air Humidity Conditions

In epidermal cell walls of soybean leaves treated with amorphous silica accumulation of silica could be detected by means of electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. This changed the physical properties of the cell wall and affected the cuticular transpiration and uptake of CO₂: When the soil in which the plants were grown was dry (60% of the field capacity) and relative air humidity was below 50 %, the loss of water through the cuticle was smaller than the loss of CO₂ uptake. This caused a higher grain yield under the conditions of temporarily restricted low air humidity.     

Chilling Tolerance and Physiological Parameters as Influenced by Grafting in Watermelon Seedlings

The influences of different rootstocks on chilling tolerance and physiological parameters in wa-termelon seedlings have been studied. The results showed that grafting improved the chilling tolerance. Com-pared with own-rooted watermelon seedlings, the grafted watermelon seedlings had lower chilling injury index,lower electrolytic leakage (%), lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, higher chlorophyll and proline con-tent, and higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (AsA-POD) and de-hydroascorbate reductase (DR) in the leaves under iow temperature stress. There was a considerable differenceof chilling tolerance among different grafted watermelon seedlings due to the difference of rootstock chillingtolerance. After low temperature treatment, the grafted seedling with higher chilling tolerance had lower elec-trolytic leakage ( %), lower MDA content, higher proline content and higher activities of SOD, AsA-POD andDR in the leaves compared with the grafted seedling with weaker chilling tolerance. From these, we could con-clude that chilling tolerance of watermelon seedlings may be related to higher antioxidative ability and mem-brane stability in the plants. The chilling tolerance of grafted seedling could be properly evaluated by compre-hensive physiological indexes but not a single physiological index.     

Studies on Nitrogen Economy and Productivity of Wheat as Affected by Rainy Season Legumes under Irrigated Conditions

A field experiment was conducted during July 1986–April 1988 at New Delhi, to evaluate the relative contribution of rainy-season legumes towards the growth and productivity of succeeding wheat ( Triticum aestivum [L.] emend. Fiori & Paol), find out economic optimum dose of nitrogen for succeeding wheat and screen a legume which can be best knitted in wheat based cropping system.
HD 2329 wheat performed better when grown after legumes than when grown after Local fodder sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). N economy in wheat was greater (65–78 kg/ha) after Sona clusterbean ( Cyamopsis tetragonoloba [L.] Taubert) and T-9 blackgram ( Phaseolus mungo L.) over sorghum. The economic optimum dose of N for wheat following pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.), soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), groundnut ( Aracbis bypogaea L.), blackgram ( Phaseolus mungo L.) and clusterbean were 110.1, 103.6, 113.7, 109.6 and 92.3 kg/ha respectively.     

水分胁迫对番茄幼苗生长影响的研究

水分胁迫对番茄幼苗的生长有严重的抑制作用。幼苗根、茎、叶干重及株高、茎粗、叶面积等形态指标同土壤水分张力(PF值)呈极显著负相关。幼苗叶片水势有明显的日变化,春季日变化呈三次曲线(S型)。叶片水势同土壤PF值呈极显著负相关。这是利用土壤PF值进行番茄苗期水分管理的依据。叶片相对含水量、水分饱和亏、自由水、束缚水含量,细胞汁液浓度也同土壤PF值显著相关。土壤水分亏缺增加,叶片净光合率下降,游离氨基酸含量升高,硝酸还原酶活力降低。根据本试验结果认为,番茄幼苗从分苗到定植,土壤PF值维持在1.9—2.2范围内,幼苗生长健壮。     

脱落酸对甜菜幼苗抗冻性的影响

试验筛选出脱落酸(ABA)用于提高甜菜幼苗抗冻力的有效浓度为5×10~(-6)～5×10~(-5)mol/L,最佳浓度为10~(-5)mol/L;处理有效作用期为24～96小时,36～72小时效果最佳;正常的光照和生长温度是提高ABA有效作用的必要条件,ABA用于较抗冻的品种比冷敏感品种效果更好;试验表明,调节脯氨酸代谢和糖代谢是ABA提高甜菜幼苗抗冻性的实质。     

桃叶卫矛种子休眠、催芽及芽苗移栽技术的探讨

桃叶卫矛是优良的观赏树种。作者揭示了它的种子休眠主要是由于种皮、胚乳含有抑制物。通过试验得出结论,低温层积30d或混雪层积40d,再转入高温催芽,效果最好。同时探讨了利用间苗时的芽苗移栽技术,以求经济、合理的利用种子,降低苗木成本。     

多效唑培育杂交中稻壮秧效果与应用技术初步研究

多效唑(Multi-effect triazole,MET)是一种新型植物生长调节剂,对多种作物具有控制纵向生产、促进横向生长的作用。在杂交中稻幼苗期,每亩用15％的多效唑可湿性粉剂200g兑水100kg喷施,能显著地矮化苗高,增加单株分蘖数,并提早分蘖成穗,叶宽、茎宽也相应增加,从而增强秧苗素质,以作为增穗增产的基础。     

Yield losses in soybeans from frogeye leaf spot caused by Cercospora sojina

Three soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]cultivars (Samsoy 1, TGx 1025-12E and TGx 996-26E) were evaluated for yield losses resulting from frogeye leaf spot caused by Cercospora sojina Hara. Replicated field plots were established at two locations in Nigeria that have a high natural infestation of C. sojina. The cultivars were either not sprayed, sprayed once or sprayed twice during the growing season with the fungicide benomyl. Disease spread early in the season was from border rows of a susceptible soybean cultivar into the plots. Mean disease severity (DS) for unsprayed cultivars ranged from 0.6 to 4.5 on a scale of 0–5. Plots receiving two sprays had lower DS values, ranging from 0.5 to 2.4. Differences between unsprayed and double-sprayed plots for yield and 300-seed weight ranged from 2.5 to 58.8 and 0.6 to 28.6%, respectively. Seed weight was negatively correlated with DS.