玉米类型和籽粒成熟期影响秸秆营养成分与活体外消化率的比较研究

本试验以两个高油玉米品种(HOC298和HOC647)、两个普通玉米品种(CAU80和CAU3138)和一个饲料专用玉米品种(FC3)为试验材料,分析比较不同类型玉米和籽粒成熟期(1/2、3/4和4/4乳线期)对玉米秸秆主要营养成分含量和干物质、纤维组分消化率的影响。结果表明:高油玉米秸秆的水溶性糖、淀粉、粗脂肪含量和干物质、N DF、ADF消化率明显高于普通玉米秸秆P(<0.01),而NDFA、DF和木质素含量则低于普通玉米秸秆P(<0.01),饲料专用玉米秸秆的上述指标则介于二者之间。随籽粒成熟度的提高,高油玉米秸秆水溶性糖、淀粉、粗脂肪含量和干物质、NDF消化率呈直线规律提高L(P;<0.01),而NDF、ADF和木质素含量则直线规律下降L(;P<0.001),其中,4/4乳线期的水溶性糖、淀粉含量和干物质消化率分别比l/2乳线期提高26.5倍、2.4倍和22.7%,而NDF、ADF和木质素分别比1/2乳线期减少24.1%、30.6%和38.4%。随籽粒成熟期的延长,普通玉米品种秸秆的水溶性糖、淀粉含量和干物质NDF消化率直线下降L(;P<0.01),而NDF、ADF和木质素含量直线提高L(P;<0.05)。饲料专用玉米秸秆的营养成分和活体外消化率指标介于高油和普通玉米秸秆之间。本试验结果表明,高油玉米秸秆具有营养物质含量高和消化率高的特点,是反刍动物理想的粗饲料和青贮饲料原料。     

Research on a dynamic tracking model for reservoir water flooding of separated zone water injection

Waterflood is one of the main oil reservoir development ways. Premature flooding of production wells during water flooding process will reduce oil recovery. Therefore,it is particularly important to establish a dynamic tracking model for reservoir water flooding of separated zone water injection. Based on the basic principles of heat and mass transfer,according to well temperature curve to determine the water profile,Poisson process analysis and stochastic process methods are adopted to calculate water saturation,water breakthrough time and water cut of each layer in water flooded reservoir at any one time. When oil reservoir gradually become water flooded,the calculated water cut of model considering micro-pore distribution of the reservoir tends to the measured water cut,and the calculation error is less than 5%. Case study shows that the layer of the higher injection rate,with high flow channel such as micro fracture,where there is the faster increase in water saturation,the shorter water breakthrough time and faster increase in water cut,and vice versa. Research result provides time guarantee to take measures for inhibiting or delaying water breakthrough of production wells.     

低温弱光对苗期紫花苜蓿根颈生理特性的影响

以秋眠级不同的2个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种(巨人201和WL414)为试验材料,研究了其在低温(0~5℃和5~10℃)与弱光[50和100μmol/(m2.s)]互作处理条件下的生理响应。结果表明:紫花苜蓿根颈在低温弱光胁迫下启动了自身应激机制,对逆境胁迫做出了适应性反应,相同弱光条件下,低温0~5℃比5~10℃对根颈的影响显著,过氧化物酶活性上升幅度较小,而超氧化物歧化酶活性的下降和丙二醛含量的增加幅度均较大;相同低温处理,弱光50μmol/(m2.s)处理对根颈生理指标影响更为显著,过氧化物酶活性上升、超氧化物歧化酶活性下降和丙二醛含量增加幅度大于弱光100μmol/(m2.s)处理;巨人201各项指标的变化都优于WL414,表明巨人201抗寒耐弱光能力都可能优于WL414。     

Influence of lamb presence on daily rhythm in lactating ewes

Abstract

To determine the influence of lamb presence on the dairy ewes circadian system we monitored simultaneously 16 different parameters (insulin, glucose, total protein, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, total bilirubine, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, rectal temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate). Sixteen clinically healthy Sarda breed dairy ewes, divided into two groups, group A with their lambs and group B without their lambs, were used. Data collection was done at 3 hourly intervals over a 24-h period. Our results indicate that lamb presence influences ewes metabolism, inducing modifications of the acrophase and robustness of the rhythm of some physiological variables. Most variables lost the rhythmicity that they show in not pregnant and not lactating ewes. Lamb presence also influenced urea circadian rhythm: the time of urea peak was shifted from 16:00 to 12:24±00:35 when ewes were housed with lambs, and on triglycerides circadian rhythm.     

温度和时间对野桂花蜜淀粉酶值的影响

本实验以两种野桂花蜂蜜样品为实验材料,在不同温度和时间条件下处理,通过试管法测定蜂蜜中淀粉酶值。结果表明:随着温度的升高和处理时间的延长,蜂蜜中的淀粉酶值呈下降趋势。     

山羊高床舍饲配套饲养技术探讨

山羊高床舍饲技术通过修建标准化山羊圈舍，实现山羊饲养过程中对山羊个体的有效控制和辅助，降低饲养劳动量和劳动强度；通过带动种草养羊、养羊与沼气结合，在实现山羊饲养的同时，促进了退耕还草、封山育林等生态建设项目的实施。     

Analyses of factors affecting dry matter intake of lactating dairy cows

An experiment was conducted to analyze feed, climate and animal factors affecting dry matter intake (DMI) in lactating dairy cows. Sixteen lactating Holstein cows, with parity from 1 to 6, were assigned to a feeding trial for 2 years, comprising 31 lactations. The animals were fed Italian ryegrass silage, oat hay, alfalfa hay, beet pulp and three types of concentrate. The data, pooled and classified by stage of lactation, season of lactation and parity were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression to determine the nature and extent of factors affecting DMI. A total of 45 prediction equations for DMI were derived. Energy‐corrected milk yield or milk yield was selected as the primary factor of DMI in all the equations in which the ratio of contribution (R²) varied from 0.26 to 0.67. The dietary concentration of organic cell wall, crude fiber, crude protein, organic b fraction, forage to concentrate ratio, average ambient temperature and temperature–humidity index were selected as the secondary factors affecting DMI for pooled data, late lactation (251–350 days of lactation), summer (June–August), spring (March–May), ≥4th lactation, autumn (September–November) and 3rd lactation, respectively, and improved R² up to 0.77. Except for an impact of bodyweight in several equations, feed and climatic factors significantly improved prediction equations effectively for data classified in different ways. To estimate DMI accurately in lactating dairy cows, feed and climatic factors should be considered for specific conditions.     

Effects of Photoperiod on Stem Cells Activation in Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles

In order to extend the anagen of cashmere goat hair follicles and increase the production of cashmere,this study was performed with artificially shorten the daylight time among Arbas White cashmere goats. Skin tissue sections from cashmere goats were collected to compare the morphologic changes between artificial daylight and natural daylight,and immunohistochemical method was used to study the hair follicle cell proliferation and important protein expression in related signaling pathways. The results showed that strong cell proliferation occurred in cashmere goat hair follicle cells during artificial daylight,plenty of cytokeratin 15 (K15) positive signals were distributed in the outer root sheath,β-catenin protein was actively expressed in hair matrix and root sheath, indicating that the hair follicles were in the anagen growth phase;Meanwhile,cashmere goat hair follicles under natural daylight were in telogen with weak signals. Above all prove that short photoperiod played an important role in promoting hair follicle growth,the artificial short photoperiod could change hair follicle growth cycle and make hair follicles earlier enter to the anagen growth phase,causing a variety of typical gene expressions during hair follicle growth.     

不同稀释液对公猪精液常温保存效果的研究

 为提高猪精液的保存效果,设计了3种常温保存稀释液配方,并对保存后的精子进行了顶体染色,为猪精液常温保存技术及稀释液配方的研究提供参考依据。结果表明：当精子活率为50％与30％时,配方Ⅱ的精子保存时间均显著高于（P<0.05）配方Ⅰ与配方Ⅲ,且配方Ⅱ所保存精子的总存活时间也显著高于（P<0.05）配方Ⅰ与配方Ⅲ;在精液保存24h后,3种配方保存的精子顶体完整率均在95％以上,且差异不显著（P>0.05）,配方Ⅱ对精子的常温保存效果要优于配方Ⅰ与配方Ⅲ。     

室温干燥贮藏和天然高寒草甸层积对草玉梅种子萌发的影响

明晰草玉梅种子休眠的释放,为草地管理和草玉梅的栽培提供基础,研究了室温干燥贮藏和高寒草甸层积对草玉梅种子萌发特征的影响。结果表明,室温干燥贮藏天数不同、是否去掉果皮和是否光照影响了草玉梅种子的初始发芽天数、发芽率和发芽指数。随着贮藏天数的增加,去掉果皮草玉梅种子的初始发芽天数呈不同程度的减小,发芽率和发芽指数呈不同程度的增加。室温贮藏40~180 d的草玉梅种子,去掉或未去掉果皮后光照条件下的初次发芽天数显著低于贮藏0 d处理(P<0.05)。室温贮藏40,80,150和180 d的草玉梅种子在去掉果皮光照处理下,其发芽率间的差异不显著(P>0.05),但皆显著高于贮藏0 d处理(P<0.05)。室温贮藏180 d的草玉梅种子未去掉果皮光照下的发芽率显著高于贮藏80和150 d处理(P<0.05),后两者显著高于贮藏40 d处理(P<0.05),贮藏40 d 处理又显著高于贮藏0 d处理(P<0.05)。光照不同程度地降低了草玉梅种子的初始发芽天数,提高了草玉梅种子的发芽率和发芽指数。高寒草甸土壤中冷季层积处理不同程度地降低了草玉梅种子的初次发芽天数,提高了发芽率和发芽指数。践踏层积的草玉梅种子在30/20℃和20/10℃变温条件下的初次发芽天数分别显著低于层积不践踏处理(P<0.05)。践踏层积的草玉梅种子在25/15℃和20/10℃变温条件下的发芽率(分别为38.0%和35.3%),显著高于层积不践踏处理(22.7%和14.0%);室温贮藏同期(11月-4月)未去掉果皮的草玉梅种子未能发芽。当年10月成熟后层积于天祝高寒草甸放牧地的草玉梅种子,至次年8月底有40.2%的发芽;未发芽的草玉梅种子在培养箱30/20℃到20/5℃的温度范围均能发芽,在30/20℃最高,仅为15.3%,绝大多数种子处于休眠。