Acacia cyanophylla for forage and fuelwood in North Africa

Forage and wood yield of Acacia cyanophylla, also known as Acacia saligna, was studied in a 300–400 mm precipitation zone in Tunisia. Yields were measured during and after drought. This short (2–8 m) evergreen leguminous tree is used as a forage drought reserve in frost free regions where mean annual precipitation exceeds 250 mm. The standing crop of leafy forage builds up year after year for at least four years or until the tree is cut. It rapidly regrows after cutting from coppice shoots. The leaves provide high protein forage for sheep and goats during the long dry summer season typical of the Mediterranean climate as well as emergency forage during drought. The tree is used to stabilize moving sand dunes, and as a windbreak to protect cropland. It also provides fuelwood and increasaes soil nitrogen by fixation. The need for supplemental irrigation during establishment is a major constraint. Research in the 350 mm precipitation zone of Tunisia found 3.2 year old trees to yield over 1400 kg of forage standing crop per hectare after a severe drought. Trees harvested at 2.5 years of age in May, during the worst drought in over 30 years, yielded a standing forage crop of 724 kg per hectare. Forage regrowth 8 months after cutting and 4 months after rains returned was 700 kg/ha. The forage standing crop for trees harvested only once during the 3.2 year period was double the amount of forage regrowth from trees harvested the previous year, but mean annual forage yield similar. This demonstrates that it is possible for forage to be conserved as a living forage reserve for later use during drought. Total wood yield was only 1621 kg/ha for trees cut twice compared to 3683 kg/ha for trees cut only once. Annual cutting will substantially reduce the amount of forage available during drought and reduce the production of fuelwood. It may also reduce the vigor, productivity and life of the tree. Acacia cyanophylla alley cropped on cereal farmland can protect the soil from erosion, protect the associated crop from wind damage, fix nitrogen, provide fuelwood and provide a reserve of high quality forage for use during drought. This work was supported by the Government of Tunisia and the U.S.A.I.D. Tunisia Range Development and Management Project (664-0312.8).     

辽东山区次生林植物物种多样性研究

通过对辽东山区18块样地的调查及数据处理,计算出各样地乔木、灌木、草本的Margalef丰富度指数、Gini均匀度指数和Simpson多样性指数。从调查及分析结果来看,在本研究区域内,海拔高度对调查区域内的物种多样性影响不大,郁闭度、坡向、坡度对物种多样性有一定影响。     

生态景观林带在城乡宜居建设中的作用

面对伴随着城市现代化进程所带来的环境问题,宜居城乡建设是改善居住环境问题的重要举措;生态景观林带是以改善破碎化的森林斑块和绿化带、以增强森林为主体的自然生态空间的连通性、以观赏性为目的和以点、线、面相结合的景观廊道网络。生态景观林带在城乡宜居建设中发挥着改善自然环境与人文环境的双重作用,促进了城市与乡村的耦合,是城乡宜居建设的有效途径。     

辽宁西部半干旱地区油松和樟子松整地造林效果分析

通过分析油松和樟子松整地造林对土壤理化性质的影响及造林成活率的调查,对辽宁西部半干旱地区油松和樟子松整地造林效果进行了试验研究。结果表明:整地比对照提高造林成活率22.4~25.1个百分点,保存率提高18.0~19.5个百分点,整地造林效果显著;造林整地后土壤容重降低6.62%~12.58%,土壤孔隙度增加25.13%~32.89%,土壤全氮提高45.92%~61.60%,速效氮提高7.87%~38.05%,速效磷提高5.02%~36.33%,速效钾提高16.35%~46.22%,不同整地方式均能改善土壤的理化性质。     

武汉市农村种植户综合污水污染指标研究

指出了随着武汉市农村地区农副产品加工和水产、牲畜养殖的规模化发展,农村生活污水和生产废水的排放量与日俱增。随机对武汉市农村地区6个村庄,每个村庄3户农家的水样进行了取样和检测,分析了水质的COD、BOD、T N、T P、T SS ,结果表明：各地区水质特征基本吻合,整体波动幅度不大,提出了使用STCC工艺处理武汉市农村种植户综合污水的方案。     

Insights into the differences in leaf functional traits of heterophyllous Syringa oblata under different light intensities

Many plants exhibit heterophylly; the spatially and temporally remarkable ontogenetic differences in leaf morphology may play an adaptative role in their success under diverse habitats. Thus, this stud...     

广东省典型区域农业土壤中重金属污染空间差异及原因分析

分析了广东东翼(汕头)、西翼(湛江)和珠江三角洲(东莞、惠州、中山和顺德)等典型区域农业土壤中8种重金属(Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cd、As和Hg)元素的含量。结果表明,578个农业土壤表层样中,有230个样品的重金属含量超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准值,超标率39.79%,Pb没有超标,Ni超标最严重;果园土比水稻土、菜园土污染严重;不同区域的土壤污染程度是珠江三角洲>东翼(汕头)>西翼(湛江),珠江三角洲的西、北江流域(中山、顺德)土壤重金属污染程度要比东江流域(东莞、惠州)严重。人为因素、成土母质和不同流域水质差异是造成广东典型区域农业土壤重金属污染的原因。     

普惠金融助力甘肃省乡村振兴战略的思考

普惠金融所能更好地助力新时期乡村振兴和农业农村现代化战略顺利的实施,运用定性分析结合经验研究,根据甘肃省农业、农村和农民的发展现状,提出普惠金融应在农业特色产业培育、农村社会事业发展和农民增收等方面为甘肃省乡村振兴提供更好服务,从而实现普惠金融有效支持“三农”发展的目的,这对于未来推动全省农业农村现代化和实现城乡共同富裕具有重要理论意义和现实借鉴价值。     

乌兰布和绿洲区农田土壤质量评价及演化

基于乌兰布和绿洲区开垦13～38 a 6类农田,测试0～20 cm土层24个土壤指标,利用因子分析法和模糊数学原理进行土壤质量综合评价和演化趋势研究。表明：因子分析法筛出17个评价指标(速效氮、有效性钾、速效钾、蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、有机质、CEC、<0.01mm微团聚体、pH、物理性粘粒、蛋白酶、全钾、速效磷、真菌、纤维素酶和放线菌)对土壤质量指数(SQI)贡献可解释85.2%的信息量,评价结果具有高度代表性和可检验性,并建立SQI与17个指标间的演算模型。各农田SQI在0.20～0.62间,差异显著;各农田SQI高出对照1.5～2.2倍,SQI普遍得以提高;83%的样点SQI<0.5,SQI整体较低(均值0.41)。绿洲农田形成近40 a来,SQI随耕种年限呈前增后降的缓变极显著演化趋势,临界年是第30年,但经营38 a后SQI整体仍略高于耕种13 a农田。建议均衡施肥,以有机肥或有机肥+NP为主,少量补K,条件许可时种植固氮牧草休耕养地。     

农旅融合对粮食生产效率的异质性影响——基于124个地级市的实证检验北大核心CSCD

农旅融合是推进乡村振兴和深化供给侧结构性改革的重要内容和实施途径,同时也是影响地区耕地利用效率和农业生产方式的主要因素。本文以全国休闲农业与乡村旅游示范县为例,有效测度了我国农旅融合水平,利用2010—2017年124个地级市面板数据,采用固定效应模型和工具变量法,实证检验农旅融合对粮食生产效率的异质性影响。结果表明,我国农旅融合整体水平偏低,目前东部地区发展水平相对较高,但西部地区发展迅速。农旅融合对我国粮食生产效率的影响具有显著异质性。经济较发达地区粮食生产效率相对较高。粮食非主产区农旅融合通过提高农业固定资产投入和促进劳动力"回流"显著提升粮食生产效率,而粮食主产区乡村旅游发展对劳动力和耕地资源的"挤出效应"明显。山区农旅融合对劳动力流动和农村固定资产投资的促进作用比平原地区更加显著。因此,提出加大贫困山区休闲农业开发力度,优化粮食非主产区农业固定资产配置,提高经济较发达地区乡村旅游服务质量等政策建议。