三峡库区耕地利用变化及保护开发途径--以重庆市忠县为例

根据忠县1996—2003年土地详查与变更数据及有关调查、统计资料,分析了三峡库区的忠县耕地利用变化的基本态势及其主要原因。研究表明,忠县近8a来耕地数量变化总体呈减少之势;土地垦殖率高,中低产田面积大,后备资源贫乏;耕地流失强度大,质量下降;生态退耕、耕地改园地和水域淹没在耕地减少中占有较大比重。并对此提出了严格控制非农建设占用耕地,提高耕地比较经济效益,加强耕地的整理和复垦工作,搞好以农田水利基本建设为重点的综合整治和严格控制人口数量等保护开发途径。     

丹江口水库水源区水土保持生态环境建设与发展对策

河南省淅川县是南水北调中线工程渠首所在地。全面地分析了该县水土流失的原因、危害。查找了水土保持工作存在的主要问题 ,并提出了淅川县今后水土保持生态环境建设与发展对策。     

太行山山前平原夏玉米优化灌溉制度研究

5年田间试验研究不同气候年型下灌水次数、灌溉时间对夏玉米生育、产量和水分利用效率的影响结果表明 ,随生育期总耗水量的增加 ,夏玉米产量逐步提高 ,当耗水量增至一定程度时产量反而递减 ;而水分利用效率随耗水量的增加呈逐步递减趋势。并确定了夏玉米最优耗水量 ,建立了不同降水年型下夏玉米优化灌溉制度。     

Job-Shop scheduling based on improved immune cloning algorithm

Parallel immune clone algorithm is proposed based on population coevolution theory and parallel computing affinity of individual at multiple compute nodes. Introducing the immune memory mechanism, the evolution processes of antibody population and memory units are conducted simultaneously, meanwhile, it improves mutual cooperation among antibodies, and ensures solution set approaching optimal solution from the inside of feasible region or infeasible region border. Clone proliferation, high frequency variation and operation of crossover operators increase the chance that better individuals gain affinity maturation by the operation of clone expansion, improve diversity of antibody population distribution, achieve the balance of optimization between depth and range, and ensure the convergence of the algorithm and the diversity of the search range. A computational study for a standard data set is carried out to test the validity of the algorithm, and the effect of algorithm parameters on the results is analyzed. The simulation results show that the global search capability, local search capability, algorithm stability and computing speed of the algorithm are all superior to conventional optimization algorithms such as normal immune clone optimization algorithm, genetic algorithm, etc.     

Dynamical niche sets-based cooperativeevolutionary algorithm for job shop scheduling

Job shop scheduling is an important part of manufacturing process. Pre-mature, local optimal solution or low convergence rate of Genetic Algorithm may come across in solving scheduling problem in multi-Job shop. To avoid those unhealthy tendencies, this paper introduced the Dynamical Niche Sets-based Cooperative Evolutionary Algorithm model.In the Algorithm, Process-based chromosome encoding method was used; the crossover operator and mutation operator were designed to adjust operation sequences and choose process routes. The cooperative scheduling problem in multi-Job shop was solved using dynamical niche sets technology and multi-population cooperative evolution method. The Experiment result shows the proposed method has good advantages.     

Plant based indicators for irrigation scheduling in young cherry trees

Using a correlation between trunk diameter fluctuation (TDF) and stem water potential (SWP) it appears possible to determine water deficit threshold values (WDTV) for young cherry trees. This correlation must be based on a significant effect between SWP and at least one variable associated with the vegetative or reproductive growth of the trees. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the effect of several irrigation treatments on vegetative and reproductive growth and the SWP of young cherry trees; (2) to determine the correlation between TDF and SWP, and; (3) to propose a first approximation of SWP and TDF water deficit threshold values for young cherry tree plants. The experiment was carried out between September and April of the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons, in Quillota, in the Valparaiso region, central Chile. The irrigation treatments consisted of applications of 50% (T₅₀), 100% (T₁₀₀) and 150% (T₁₅₀) of potential evapotranspiration (ET₀) over the two growing seasons, using a randomized complete block design (RCB). The effect of irrigation scheduling was observed on: apical shoot growth rate (GR_AS), branch cross-sectional area (BCSA), canopy volume (CV), annual length of accumulated growth (AL_AG) and productivity. This effect showed that the T₅₀ treatment caused lower SWP (measured pre-dawn), vegetative growth and productivity. The fruit quality variables (cracking and size) were not affected by the different treatments. Combining the vegetative growth, productivity and SWP results shows that the water deficit threshold value, as a first approximation, is between 50% and 100% of ET₀, and therefore the critical SWP for defining irrigation frequency should be close to −0.5 MPa. Upon applying a post-harvest drought period (14 days without irrigation), a linear correlation was determined both between SWP and maximum daily trunk shrinkage, MDS (R² = 0.69) and between SWP and trunk growth rate, TGR (R² = 0.57). Using these correlations and the SWP reference value, reference values were obtained for MDS (165 μm) and TGR (83 μm day⁻¹), which would permit automated control of water status in young cherry trees.     

三峡库区无公害水稻生产研究

介绍了三峡库区面源污染状况,从三峡库区腹心万州区无公害水稻生产的重要性、产地环境分析出发,指出了万州区无公害生产存在的问题,并提出了相关对策。     

渭北旱塬深层土壤水分特征对水分生产效率的影响

采用田间试验和观测方法研究了渭北旱塬东部旱作区的农田土壤水分特征和水分生产效率,结果表明,该区在麦田夏闲蓄水期(7-9月)降水量在212.7mm以下时,1～1.2m深处存在一相对干土层,使小麦生育后期对深层土壤水分利用产生一定影响,并使旱地农田水分生效率降低.研究还看出,旱地农田水分生产效率具有明显地随播前土壤储水量增加而提高的趋势,说明渭北旱塬使东部的土壤水库在旱农条件下作物供水调节中的不可代替作用.     

碧流河水库鲤和鲫生长特性及其利用的研究

本文研究分析了碧流河水库鲤和鲫的生长特性。用臀鳍第3根鳍条(假硬刺)作为鉴定年龄的材料优于鳞片。鳞片与之年轮比较,其吻合率:鲤4年轮组为81.8％,5年轮组为50％,6年轮组仅33.30/;鲫4年轮组为75％,5年轮组为28.6％,6年轮组下降为11.1％,7年轮组完全不一致。体长(L)与鳍条半径(R)增长呈指数关系,鲤L=0.5833R~(0.8716),鲫L=1.1965R~(0.6744)。鲤和鲫渐近体长分别为71.47cm和30.14 cm,渐近体重为7410.2 g和815.79 g。拐点年龄鲤t=6.15龄,鲫t=5.19龄。底栖动物现存量为1.62 g/m~2,鱼产潜力为8.1 kg/hm~2。鉴于水库春季水位仍将呈下降趋势,为维持和提高种群数量,必须注意其苗种的人工投放。     

老江河的水质理化特性及其渔业评价

对老江河的周年水质分析结果表明，水温平均１８．８℃（９．１～３１．１℃）；透明度平均２３１ｃｍ（６３～５２５ｃｍ）；ｐＨ平均７．６９（７．１２～８．２０）；溶解氧平均９．２４ｍｇ／Ｌ（７．９６～１１．５２ｍｇ／Ｌ）；化学耗氧量平均４．５６ｍｇ／Ｌ（３．３７～５．７９ｍｇ／Ｌ）；碱度平均２．２９ｍｍｏｌ／ｌ（２．０５～２．６４ｍｍｏｌ／ｌ）；硬度（ＣａＣＯ３）平均１２７．４ｍｇ／Ｌ（１１０．８～１４３．４ｍｇ／Ｌ），属软水。主要离子含量及排列顺序与长江水相近，属Ｏ·Ａ阿列金分类法ＣＣａⅢ型。主要营养元素中，无机Ｎ含量为０．４８９ｍｇ／Ｌ，其中ＮＯ－１３—Ｎ０．２４ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ＋４—Ｎ０．２２５ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＯ－１２—Ｎ０．０２４ｍｇ／Ｌ；ＰＯ－３４—Ｐ０．００８ｍｇ／Ｌ。Ｎ∶Ｐ平均为６１∶１，Ｐ更缺乏。老江河的水质状况表明它是适宜鱼类生长发育的良好渔业水体，营养类型介于贫－中营养型之间，适合于在此建立中国长江四大家鱼种质资源库