石榴树叶中鞣质含量测定

采用干酪素法测定石榴树叶中鞣质含量。结果表明,石榴叶鞣质含量在1.001 6-6.009 6μg/mL范围内呈良好线性关系,R=0.999 5;样品平均加标回收率为96.04%,SD为0.012 6%,RSD为2.03%(n=6)。此法准确可靠,重现性好。     

盆栽石榴的生长习性及管理技术

石榴树形优美,叶碧绿光泽,花朵红艳、花期极长。果大美观,籽红似玛瑙、白如冰晶,是一种优良的观花观果树种。既有观赏价值又可收获果实品尝,因此非常适合盆栽。     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取石榴籽油的研究

采用超声波辅助有机溶剂法对3种不同品种石榴籽油进行提取。在单因素试验基础上,选择液料比、超声波功率、处理时间、处理温度为自变量,石榴籽油提取率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken试验设计方法,研究各自变量及其交互作用对石榴籽油提取率的影响。利用DesignExpert软件得到回归方程的预测模型并进行响应面分析。结果表明,提取温度、时间、液料比3个因素对石榴籽油提取率都有显著影响,温度和时间、液料比和其他3个因素的交互作用都有显著影响。确定超声波辅助提取石榴籽油的最佳条件为:提取温度39.93℃,时间33.20min,超声波功率346.24W,液料比11.40mL·g-1,此时提取率为96.48%。     

不同品种及采叶时间对石榴干制叶片总酚含量及多酚氧化酶活性的影响

为了充分利用石榴资源,以河南省目前种植的净皮甜、河阴、豫大籽、突尼斯软子、冬艳、红叶石榴1号、泰山红、三白、绿叶石榴1号、金叶石榴1号10个石榴品种(品系)为供试材料,研究了不同采叶时间、不同品种对石榴干制叶片中总酚含量和多酚氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着采叶时间的推迟,10个石榴品种干制叶片总酚含量均呈逐渐升高的趋势,小满(5月21日)时总酚含量均达到最高,此时总酚含量从高到低依次为:河阴、泰山红、突尼斯软子、冬艳、豫大籽、净皮甜、红叶石榴1号、三白、绿叶石榴1号、金叶石榴1号;立夏(5月5日)和小满(5月21日)这2个时期石榴叶片总酚含量均高于市场销售的清明信阳毛尖茶。不同品种不同采叶时间的石榴干制叶片多酚氧化酶活性差异均较小。从感官鉴定来看,虽然河阴(清明)和泰山红(清明)干制叶片的茶色、香、口感均较佳,但均有涩、苦味,缺少信阳毛尖怡人的清香口感。将其各半混合,则既可提高酚类物质的含量,又可明显提升石榴叶茶的香气和口感。     

Rosetted siblings in F2 of a cross in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) can be useful model for rosetting investigations

Environmentally and developmentally controlled rosette formation is welldocumented in certain crop species. But this report describes a geneticallyinduced rosetting observed in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.).Rosette genotypes were detected at a frequency of 0.12 in the F₂ familiesof cv. Ganesh and a recessive rosette mutant clone of cv. Kabul Yellow. Therosetted seedlings had leaves almost touching the ground at emergence, whichwere closely set on a thick, compressed stem with narrow inter-nodes andinactive subapical meristem. They were similar in some certain respects tothe naturally occurring rosetting noticed in lettuce, spinach and lisianthus.The occurrence of rosette type was attributed to a recessive mutant gene ofKabul Yellow and was ascribed the gene symbol rg (rosette growth) whichwas found to alter a host of morphological traits in rosette siblings innursery and field. The foliage colour, pink of Ganesh and yellow of KabulYellow, served as visual marker in distinguishing segregating progeny intopink/yellow normal and rosette types in the nursery. A monogenic segregationin F₂ for pink and yellow was evident both in normal and rosette siblings.When a single gene mutation for rosetting was considered a large portion ofthe rosette progeny in F₂ was found missing. This has been explained on thebasis of two conditional lethal genes operating in rosette individuals.Moreover, the F₂ and BC₁ seeds had very low seed fertility indicatingthat F₁ possibly carried heavy load of lethal genes. On transplantation,the rosette mutants started to grow tall and erect, like spinach, but had acompact habit with restricted branching and exhibited early leaf senescence,leaving a crown of bushy growth at the tip of almost naked, brittle shoots.Rosettes differed significantly from normal siblings for all the morphologicalcharacteristics studied. The normal progenies flowered and set fruits within13 months, the rosette ones almost failed to do so even after growing for 38months, although they showed relatively loose rosetting than in the nursery.However, one seedling produced 3 small flowers with rudimentary ovary.Moreover, it was observed that the rosette plants had a tendency to regressto normal state, since 9 out of the 31 rosette progeny produced axilary shootsthat had normal stem and leaf attributes. The individuals with both normal androsette shoots should serve the same purpose in research work, as do perfect isogeniclines. Based on the frequency at which the normal shoots appeared the role ofcryptic transposable elements (TEs) was suspected rather than back mutation.Rosette siblings with altered morphology reported here can be secured inabundant number along with the contrasting normal siblings by raising theF₂, which provide a good opportunity to gain an insight in the control ofvarious plant developmental processes. Besides, it can be viewed as a valuablemodel system for fundamental research on physiological, biochemical andmolecular genetical bases of rosetting in crop plants.     

石榴叶的功能活性及其开发利用

从石榴叶的活性成分、功能活性以及开发利用三方面对石榴叶进行了综述，同时对目前石榴叶研究存在的问题进行了总结与展望，以期为石榴叶的进一步研究与开发提供参考。     

精品石榴生产的技术研究应用

通过改变石榴生长环境的通风透光条件,合理整形修剪,果实套袋,科学均衡水肥及病虫害防治,对果实生长微环境进行调控等措施,大大改善石榴的商品性状并提高石榴的产量和经济价值.     

石榴花器官发育相关基因PgWUS和PgBEL1克隆及其时空表达分析

在前期构建的‘泰山红’石榴(Punica granatum L.)基因组数据库的基础上,鉴定并采用同源克隆技术克隆得到PgWUS和PgBEL1全长CDS(Coding sequence)序列。PgBEL1编码区全长为1851 bp,PgWUS为936 bp,分别编码616个和311个氨基酸。蛋白序列比对及系统进化分析发现,PgWUS与甜瓜(Cucumis melo var.makuwa)、黄瓜(C.sativus)的WUS进化关系较近;PgBEL1和巨桉(Eucatyptus grandis)具有较高的相似性,聚在同一分支。PgBEL1和PgWUS行使功能区域定位在细胞核。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,PgBEL1在花发育的P1~P4阶段(花蕾纵径小于12.0 mm),两性花中的表达量高于功能性雄花(雌蕊败育);PgBEL1在叶片中的表达量最高,是花萼的3.2倍、茎段的1.2倍,茎尖中最低;雌蕊中PgBEL1是雄蕊的1.16倍。在石榴花发育的P2和P3阶段(花蕾纵径5.1~10.0 mm),PgWUS在两性花中的表达量高于功能性雄花;PgWUS在花萼中的表达量最低,茎段中最高;PgWUS在雌蕊中的表达量是雄蕊的1.5倍、茎尖的1.8倍。     

秋艳石榴生物学特性与栽培技术要点

介绍了国家级石榴良种秋艳的生物学特性,包括植物学特征、经济性状、生长结果特性及物候期等,简要概述了秋艳的6个栽培技术要点,为生产中秋艳的栽培管理及良种推广提供技术参考。     

Polyphasic phenotypic and genetic analysis reveals clonal nature of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae causing pomegranate bacterial blight

Yellow-pigmented bacteria isolated from blight-affected pomegranate leaves and fruit across seven Indian states in epidemics during the years 2008–2016 were characterized and identified using phenotypic and genotypic tools. All bacterial isolates shared phenotypic traits such as colony morphology, NaCl and pH sensitivity and fuscan production, and caused typical lesions on pomegranate plants upon artificial inoculation. Analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA and 16S–23S rDNA intergenic spacer sequences confirmed their identity as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae. The new isolates collected after 2000 were compared with an old isolate from the 1950s using polyphasic taxonomic approaches including multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). Nucleotide polymorphism in 24 isolates for nine genomic loci (dnaK, fyuA, gyrB (Young), gyrB (Almeida), rpoD, fusA, gapA, gltA and lepA) showed minor variations in loci fyuA and gyrB. Isolates were grouped into four nearly identical sequence types, ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST4, based on their allelic profiles, ST3 being widespread in Indian states. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of concatenated 5690 bp with other Xanthomonas pathovars revealed its close genetic similarity with the X. citri group. The blight outbreak in diverse geographical locations is attributed to a re-emerged clonal population of X. axonopodis pv. punicae on a genetically homogenous pomegranate cultivar. The latently infected vegetative planting material of elite pomegranate cultivars contributed to the dissemination of the bacterial inoculum. This study highlights and forewarns of the role played by the clonally propagated elite pomegranate cultivars in disseminating and sustaining clonal populations of this bacterial plant pathogen in many Indian states.