贵农玉889不同播期、种植密度及施氮量研究

采用正交设计,选取播期、种植密度及施氮量(N)3个试验因子,对贵农玉889半紧凑型玉米品种进行研究。结果表明4月10日播种、种植密度57 000株/hm2、施氮量375kg/hm2的产量明显高于其它组合。     

超高茬麦套稻的产量及低碳效应分析

通过对超高茬麦田套稻稻作方式的机理进行了介绍,分析了其低碳优势和高产原因,为现代农业生产提供参考。     

密度对红豆草农艺性状和种子产量的影响

为了合理利用空间资源,提高红豆草种子产量,试验以奇台红豆草为材料,设置不同的种植密度,通过对株高、分枝数、荚果数、千粒重、种子产量等指标的测量,探寻密度与红豆草生殖格局的关系。试验结果表明,种植密度30 cm×25 cm时,单株花序数、荚果数、千粒重和种子产量最高,依次是81.1个、839.2个、23.8 g、1995.8 kg/hm²。通过相关性分析,种子产量与千粒重呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.631;种子产量与单株荚果数呈极显著正相关,相关系数高达0.998。     

生物炭之低碳农业初探

农业生产过程与全球气候变化息息相关,如何减少农业温室气体排放,并探寻土壤固炭方法已经成为当前农业与环境研究中的热点。全文旨在摸索一条由生物质碳化技术为基础的低碳农业发展的可能途径。从低碳这一热点问题出发,本文对低碳农业的定义、特征、途径进行了基本阐述,同时论述了生物炭的基本特征,及生物炭在应用上的农学和环境学价值,并重点讨论了如何利用生物炭发展以低能耗、低排放、低污染为特征的低碳农业的可能模式,最后指出了当前生物炭在低碳农业研究和利用方面所面临的问题和挑战。     

西瓜新品种‘黄晶’高产栽培技术研究

为提高西瓜新品种‘黄晶’的品质和产量,加速新品种的推广应用,研究了与之配套的栽培技术。结果表明：该品种的最佳育苗方式为营养钵育苗,最佳栽培方式为白色地膜覆盖+单蔓整枝,种植密度以株距25 cm、11000~13200株/hm²为最佳,基肥施用量以硫酸钾型复合肥（狮马牌）975~ 1200 kg/hm² +有机肥30 t/hm²混施为宜。该品种在春播设施栽培条件下及推广应用中,采用单蔓整枝、白地膜覆盖、合理的种植密度及施肥量可以达到高产、优质的目的。     

不同干扰对城市绿化用地土壤物理性质的影响

为了解压实对城市新建绿地土壤物理性质的影响,以西安植物园新园区为研究对象,依据土壤压实程度的不同以及地表植被的差异进行区域划分,对不同区域内的土壤分层采样,并进行土壤容重、孔隙状况、水分常数等物理性质的测定。结果表明：随着压实程度的增加,土壤各层次间的发生规律发生了改变,土壤出现退化现象。研究区域内的土壤容重偏高,平均值为1.52 g/cm³;土壤总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、土壤含水量、田间持水量、土壤饱和导水率明显偏低,平均值分别为44.71%、12.81%、15.46%、20.77%、20.7 mm/h。土壤容重与总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、田间持水量、自然含水量、饱和导水率之间呈极显著的负相关;通气孔隙度与饱和导水率、自然含水量、田间持水量之间均呈现显著的正相关。压实对各层土壤物理性质的影响表现为表层土>浅层土>深层土,人为践踏产生的压实只影响到表层土壤。     

闽东山区不同密度突脉青冈人工林土壤肥力的分形研究

针对闽东山区造林树种针叶化且连栽引起生产力下降和地力退化问题,开展乡土阔叶树种突脉青冈密度选择试验。运用分形理论对造林密度分别为2400、3000、3600 和4050 株/hm2的突脉青冈人工林的土壤结构和理化性质进行研究,以荒山为对照。结果显示：突脉青冈土壤分形维数与土壤水稳性团聚体、团聚体含量、结构体破坏率及土壤理化性质呈显著回归关系,分形维数与＞0.25 mm土壤颗粒含量线性负相关,与结构体破坏率呈线性正相关;不同密度的突脉青冈土壤团粒结构的分形维数大小顺序表现为荒山＞4050 株/hm2＞3600 株/hm2＞2400 株/hm2＞3000 株/hm2。上述表明：分形维数可用于表征土壤肥力大小,突脉青冈造林密度为3000 株/hm2时的土壤结构、稳定性及肥力最好,是最佳造林密度;运用分形理论研究林地肥力状况为林地质量评价提供了一种新思路。     

Electronegativity Scale of Elements Calculated by Density Functional Theory and Related Methods

In chemistry and many related fields, electronegativity (EN) is an important fundamental concept and its scale is a useful physcochemical parameter. Here, calculations of both ionization potentials and electron affinities are extended toward 107 elements and done by density functional theory at the local density approximation(LDA) level and the LDB level, i.e., the local density approximation level with further non-local corrections for exchange and correlation included self-consistently as well as the modified Slater transition-state method. The definite-differentiation method is employed into calculations of the electronegativity scale and the related parameters of 107 elements with very good results due to the consideration of relativistic effects. The calculation presented is to examine both the LDA and LDB approximations in calculations for the ionization potential and electron affinity of the elements with an improved or modified Slater transition-state method, and relativistic effects have also been taken into account for 107 elements compared with 103, 86 or less in the previous report under a spin polarized density function theory with some approximations to the exchange-correlation function. The calculation results for the various quantities represent an obviously improvement over some previous calculations. It is shown that the results calculated by the extended technique and the improved Slater transition-state method in general agree well with experimental values presented by Pearson, and are better than the reported values in many previous literatures. The developed new electronegativity scale will widely be applicable in many fields such as molecular structural parameterization expression, chemobiological activity optimization prediction, structure-activity quantitation modeling, functional chemical adaptization designing, and so on.     

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting sugars, organic acids and other biochemical properties possibly contributing to flavor, identified in four advanced backcross populations of tomato

Although the Advanced Backcross strategy has proven very useful for QTL detection in tomato, it has been used mainly in identifying QTL for agronomic traits such as yield, color, etc. Tomato flavor is an important quality characteristic, yet it has been difficult to assess flavor or traits that affect it. In this study the AB-QTL strategy was applied to four advanced backcross populations to identify QTL for biochemical properties that may contribute to the flavor of processed tomatoes, such as sugars and organic acids. A total of 222 QTL were identified for 15 traits, including flavor as assessed by a taste panel. Correlations of certain biochemicals with flavor and possible methods of assessing and improving flavor are discussed. In particular, QTL with very significant effects associated with the ratio of sugars/glutamic acid, a trait highly correlated with improved flavor, have been identified as good targets for future work in improving the flavor of tomatoes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genotype × environment interaction in carbon isotope discrimination and seed yield in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)

Summary Twenty locally-adapted but genetically diverse cowpea genotypes were grown in 17 replicated trials in a range of sites and seasons in the drylands of eastern Kenya, and the discrimination against the heavy isotope of carbon (with a mass of 13) () was determined in grain and straw samples. Most genotypes gave similar, low grain yields in the environments which subjected the plants to drought stress, but high yielding and low yielding genotypes were clearly distinct in the less stressful environments. The converse pattern was found for : the genotypes were all very similar in the non-stressful (high-) environments, but in the stressful environments, low- (drought susceptible) and high- (drought avoiding) genotypes were clearly distinct. This pattern was clearest for straw , but was also apparent for grain . The early-maturing genotypes, which escaped terminal drought, were generally those with the most stable and highest , but in the case of straw there were statistically significant deviations from this relationship. It is concluded that provides a reliable measure of the specific response of cowpea genotypes to drought, which may be of value in breeding programs provided that carbon isotope discrimination can be measured reasonably economically.