南方特色小桨果植物乌饭树播种育苗技术研究

乌饭树是杜鹃花科越橘属常绿灌木，集保健、药用、观赏等多种价值于一身，是极具开发利用前景的野生树种。为研究并掌握其播种繁殖技术，项目组进行多次播种育苗试验，已经探索并掌握合理的采果期、果实处理、种子储藏以及播种密度、肥水管理等关键技术。在此基础上，进行正交试验，本文分析各因素对育苗效果的影响，总结适宜的播种时间、基质配方及遮阳度等育苗技术要点，为乌饭树的进一步培育和发展提供参考。     

采后紫外线处理对葡萄果实黄烷醇类多酚积累的影响

以赤霞珠葡萄成熟果实为试材,分别进行不同时长的UV-A,UV-B,UV-C处理,研究采后紫外线处理对葡萄果实中黄烷醇类多酚积累的影响。结果表明,适当的采后紫外线处理对葡萄果实中黄烷醇类多酚的积累具有明显的促进作用,葡萄果实中总酚、黄烷醇类多酚和原花色素含量均显著提高;其中,用UV-B处理15 min对黄烷醇类多酚积累效果最佳,含量增加了45.46%;用UV-C处理45 min对总酚和原花色素积累效果最佳,含量分别增加了279.11%和90.45%。方差分析表明,经上述处理后,葡萄果实中的总酚、黄烷醇类多酚和原花色素含量与对照间差异均达极显著水平。     

行间生草对玫瑰香葡萄品质及土壤性状的影响

通过在玫瑰香葡萄园行间间作薄荷、猫薄荷、紫花苜蓿以及清耕对照处理,研究间作对玫瑰香葡萄品质及葡萄园土壤性状的影响。结果表明,不同处理的玫瑰香葡萄其着色和成熟的时间顺序为:猫薄荷薄荷紫花苜蓿对照CK。3种行间生草处理的土壤有机质含量均高于清耕。不同处理的土壤速效氮含量顺序为:对照CK薄荷紫花苜蓿猫薄荷。不同处理的土壤速效磷含量的顺序为:紫花苜蓿猫薄荷薄荷对照CK。不同处理的土壤速效钾含量顺序为:薄荷猫薄荷紫花苜蓿对照CK。     

Resistance to Coffee Berry Disease in Arabica Coffee Variety 'Ruiru 11'

General and specific combining ability effects for resistance to coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack sensu Hindorf) in Coffea arabica variety ‘Ruiru 11’ and its parents were estimated according to the North Carolina Design II. A set of nine male parents and eleven females were crossed in all possible combinations to generate ninety-nine single cross hybrids constituting the ‘Ruiru 11’ variety. The parents and their hybrid progenies were screened and the mean score data analyzed for possible genetic variation. The contributions of the parents to the total genetic variance were low hence the low narrow sense heritability (h²= 0.04). The male and female parents accounted for 9.36 % and 0.96 %, respectively, while their interaction effect accounted for 89.68 %. In the analysis of combining ability for resistance, ExB3.96 and Cat.90 exhibited significant negative general combining ability (GCA). Specific combining abilities (SCA) were negative and significant for Cat.86 × ExB3.99, Cat.127 × ExB3.116 and Cat.119 × ExB3.879 crosses. The implications of these results in selection for highly resistant ‘Ruiru 11’ progenies are discussed.     

Inheritance and identification of DNA markers associated with yellow berry tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Yellow berry (YB) is a serious seed disorder in durum wheat, bread wheatand triticale, which arises due to deficiency in nitrogen concentration in thesoil. YB seriously affects the grain protein content (GPC) thereby affectingbread making quality in bread wheat and pasta making quality in durumwheat. In order to study the inheritance and to identify DNA markersassociated with YB tolerance, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) populationof 113 individuals was developed by making a cross between RyeSelection111 (RS111), highly resistant to YB and Chinese Spring (CS), asusceptible parent. Phenotyping of this population to YB incidenceindicated that, at least one major gene/QTL and few minor genes governthe tolerance to YB. DNA marker analysis revealed linkage of twomicrosatellite markers Xgwm174 and Xgwm190 from chromosome 5Dwith YB tolerance while one ISSR marker UBC842₆₀₀ and oneRAPD marker OPR8₁₀₀₀ from chromosome 6B were found to beassociated with YB tolerance in repulsion phase. Association of YBtolerance with that of GPC was analyzed using the markers associated withYB tolerance. It was found to be reciprocal in this population in accordancewith the previous reports.     

阜新沙棘杂种无性系果实性状对比研究

该文对辽宁阜新地区丘依斯克×中国沙棘杂交子一代7个初选无性系的果实性状进行了调查研究. 试验地、无性系、年份三因素方差分析结果表明:果实的8个性状无性系间的差异均极显著;试验地除对果序结果数和果形指数无显著影响外,对其他性状都有显著或极显著的影响;除果序最多结果数年份间无差异外,其他性状年份间差异均极显著;两两交互作用对大部分性状有显著或极显著影响. 单株果实产量年份、无性系双因素方差分析结果表明,无性系间差异极显著,年份及二者交互作用的差异均不显著. 根据试验地、无性系、年份的SNK多重比较结果,得出果实各性状变异规律,分析了自然条件和气象因子对果实性状的影响. 对性状间的相关分析表明:单株果实产量与果形指数负相关,果密度和果形指数分别与果实纵径呈极显著负相关,百果重与果实横径呈极显著正相关,与果形指数呈显著负相关. 无性系果实品质综合排序得分由高到低的顺序是:3、5、4、2、6、1、7号无性系. 综合分析认为,2号和3号无性系可作为初选的果用沙棘优良无性系.      

不同生态型栽培基质配比对草莓生产的影响

为筛选出草莓生产的最佳基质配比,以菇渣、锯木屑和玉米秆3种基质为材料,研究了其不同配比对草莓生产的影响。结果表明:菇渣、锯木屑和玉米秆3种基质的配比为3∶4∶4时,能显著促进草莓的生长,增加株高,单株产量高于其它配比基质,且与专业草莓生产基质差异不明显,在草莓生产中可以替代专业生产基质。     

水分胁迫对延后栽培葡萄果实生长的影响

【目的】为设施延后栽培条件下葡萄Vitis vinifera果实的精准调控提供依据.【方法】以当地主栽葡萄品种红地球为材料,采用当地普通日光温室进行延后栽培.将葡萄生育期划分为萌芽期、抽蔓期、开花期、浆果膨大期和着色成熟期,每个生育期内设置轻度、中度2个水分胁迫水平,以全生育期充分供水为对照,研究不同处理对葡萄果实纵横径膨大速率的影响及果实生长与叶片内氮含量、叶绿素含量之间的关系.【结果和结论】延后栽培葡萄果实存在2个明显的高峰膨大周期,且第1个膨大高峰期葡萄果实膨大速率远大于第2个膨大高峰期;葡萄膨大期前16 d的橫径膨大速率和前24 d的纵径膨大速率对葡萄最终粒径的形成具有决定作用.在抽蔓后期至果实膨大初期中度水分胁迫处理果实膨大速率有明显的复水补偿效应,膨大中后期则出现了复水补偿结束后的再减小过程.抽蔓后期至果实膨大初期葡萄叶片N和叶绿素含量对果实初期膨大速率有积极影响.     

Influence of nitrogen nutrition on yield and growth of an everbearing strawberry cultivar (cv. Evie II)

Strawberry plants are relatively unresponsive to nitrogen (N) fertilization. Supraoptimal N application also results in excessive vegetative growth, which competes to reproductive growth. Two strawberry field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years using fertigation to investigate the effect of different nitrogen (N) application rates on yield and growth of an everbearing strawberry (cv. Evie II). N was injected weekly into the drip irrigation system at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 kg N/ha/week the first year and 0, 1, 2, and 3 kg N/ha/week the next year. Fruit yield and fruit number were not affected the first year, but were increased the second year due to N application. However, there was no effect of N nutrition on average berry weight for both years. It was concluded that N fertilization may increase yield and fruit number, but average berry weight remains unaffected.