不同光质组合对生菜生长和能量利用效率的影响

【目的】筛选较优的光质组合,提高人工光植物工厂生菜产量和能量利用效率。【方法】以光强为200μmol/(m~2·s),R/B为4/1的红蓝光(RB)为对照,在光强为150μmol/(m~2·s),R/B为4/1的红蓝背景光基础上,分别添加50μmol/(m~2·s)的绿光(G)、黄光(Y)、橙光(O)和远红光(FR)组成4种不同光质组合处理,分别用RBG、RBY、RBO和RBFR表示,对不同光质组合处理生菜的生长及形态、光合能力、能量利用效率等指标进行比较研究。【结果】RBG、RBO和RBFR处理生菜地上部鲜质量较RB处理分别增加14.5%,14.5%和30.8%,地上部干质量分别增加13.3%,24.1%和29.9%(P0.05)。RBG处理可以增加生菜的株高、总叶面积、净光合速率和能量利用效率。与RB处理相比,RBY处理对生菜的地上部干、鲜质量影响不显著;RBO处理可以提高生菜叶片的光合能力和能量利用效率。RBFR处理可以增加生菜的地上部干、鲜质量,但在实际生产中,生菜叶片较易出现烧尖现象。【结论】RBG和RBO是工光植物工厂生产中较为合适的光质组合。     

基于MCMC模拟的MGPD模型及其在地质灾害风险度量中的应用

基于马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛(简记为MCMC)模拟的参数贝叶斯估计,对改进的广义帕累托分布(简记为MGPD)模型进行了优化,并利用该模型得到了地质灾害损失的在险损失值(简记为VaR)和条件损失值(简记为CVaR).以湖南娄底市地质灾害损失数据进行实证分析及模型适应性检验,结果表明:优化后的模型不仅具有很好的极值数据描述能力,而且具有较强的适用性.     

基于图书出版发行现状的图书馆采访工作创新

本文着重分析了当前我国图书出版发行环境中出现的一些新的变化、新的特点和新的问题,并提出了在图书馆采访工作中,针对这些问题可采取相应的措施。     

海南省蔬菜根结线虫发生种类与分布

2014年-2018年, 对海南省蔬菜根结线虫病害进行了田间随机采样调查和病原种类分子鉴定?结果显示, 蔬菜根结线虫病在海南18市县均有发生, 且大部分旱田连作地块病株率达到80%以上?进一步对采集的295份根结线虫样本种类进行了分子鉴定, 共鉴定出象耳豆根结线虫?南方根结线虫和爪哇根结线虫3种病原种?其中, 象耳豆根结线虫单一检出率达到62.37%, 南方根结线虫单一检出率为23.39%, 爪哇根结线虫的检出率仅为5.76%, 象耳豆根结线虫和南方根结线虫复合侵染检出率为8.47%?除五指山市样本以外, 海南其余17市县样本均检测到象耳豆根结线虫侵染为害?本研究显示象耳豆根结线虫为海南省蔬菜上的优势病原根结线虫种类, 该结果对指导品种布局?制定根结线虫病害的防治策略具有重要意义?     

The Relationship Between Vegetation Characteristics and Altitudes in Transitional Permafrost Zone in Xidatan,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Many studies showed that permafrost has profound influence on alpine ecosystem. However, former researches were mainly focused on typical points by temporal scales. There were few studies about the correlation between vegetation characteristics and different altitudes covering a large region in spatial pattern, especially in transitional permafrost(TP). There were continuous permafrost(CP) discontinuous permafrost(DCP) and seasonal frozen ground(SFG) in this study region. The types of permafrost changed from SFG to DCP, and finally become CP as the altitudes of Xidatan increase. In this paper, 112 845 points interpreted by HJ1-B(environment and disaster monitoring and prediction small satellite constellation), vegetation investigation points, thawing layer thickness research sites, ground temperature and water content observation plots were used to examine the spatial pattern of vegetation which were located in different altitudes in Xidatan, a typical TP region, in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Vegetation characteristics, soil moisture content(SMC) and thaw depths were collected in 15 August to 25 August2012. Characteristics of vegetation were mainly represented by fractional vegetation cover(FVC) derived from the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), as well as above ground biomass(AGB). In this paper, we analyzed that the distinction of vegetation characteristics in each range through statistics data. These ranges were divided by varied altitudes. For examples, the ranges were divided into 50 m or 100 m. In this study we use a large area plots method to further discuss the relationship between the features of vegetation and the different regions of permafrost based on altitudes shifts in Xidatan. A diagram described the vegetation characteristics variability with rising altitudes in transitional permafrost region was drawn in this paper. Our results illustrated the FVCs first increased in SFG region and then decreased in DCP zone slowly, and in CP region FVCs soared then dropped dramatically. With the altitudes increased, the curve of FVCs indicated a parabolic distribution except a little difference in the first 200 m range.     

The importance of reduced light intensity on the growth and development of six weed species

Crops limit light for photosynthesis and growth of weeds. We studied the effect of reduced light on performance of six weed species [one invasive species (Amsinckia micrantha), three common species (Veronica persica, Capsella bursa‐pastoris, Viola arvensis) and two less common weeds (Anagallis arvensis and Scleranthus annuus)]. In two glasshouse experiments, six light levels were achieved aiming at 0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, 90% and 95% reduction of light and corresponding with daily light integrals (DLI) of 12.4, 9.63, 7.13, 2.74, 0.95 and 0.69 mol m^?2 day^?1 in experiment 1 and 21.2, 18.0, 10.7, 3.71, 1.64 and 1.20 mol m^?2 day^?1 in experiment 2. The number of leaves was strictly controlled by DLI. Chlorophyll content index, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F_v/F_m), stomatal conductance, flowering and dry matter were strongly reduced when DLI was reduced to 0.69–3.71 mol m^?2 day^?1 for all species. Threshold DLI for flowering was ca. 3.71 mol m^?2 day^?1 for S. annuus, V. arvensis, A. arvensis and V. persica, while C. bursa‐pastoris deviated by flowering at DLI of 0.95 mol m^?2 day^?1. This may explain why C. bursa‐pastoris is common in the seedbank of Danish arable soils in spite of intensive farming with well‐fertilised and dense crops.     

光质对番茄营养与风味品质的影响

以番茄为试验材料,在田间大棚设施条件下,选用白、蓝、黑、红、绿5种不同颜色的遮阳网,探讨不同光质对番茄营养与风味品质的影响。结果表明,在青熟期,黑色光质促进了总氮、蛋白氮以及非蛋白氮的积累。青熟期到转色期,白色光质的番茄有机酸总量较青熟期增加了4.57倍,蓝色和绿色光质提高了番茄的总糖和还原糖含量。从转色期到成熟期,番茄氨基酸含量大小表现为蓝色>绿色>黑色>红色>白色;黑色光质的番茄有机酸总量较转色期增加了27.8%;红色光质提高了番茄红素含量和Vc含量,降低了硝酸盐含量;白色、红色和绿色光质增加了番茄的总糖和还原糖含量。番茄主要风味物质(>30 μg/kg)为水杨酸甲酯、6-甲基-庚烯-2-酮、柠檬烯、反-2-己烯醛。红光使番茄水杨酸甲酯、6-甲基-庚烯-2-酮和己烯醛含量较白光增加了11.6%、20.2%和17.2%。在大田设施条件下,转色期到成熟期可以采用红色光质提高番茄果实营养品质和风味。     

A comprehensive study on occurrence records of African neglected and underutilized weed species,Cleome gynandra L. (cat's whiskers) validating the ecogeographical range expansion in West Bengal,India

Cleome gynandra L., commonly known as cat's whiskers, is an erect, branched, annual herb, belonging to the family Cleomaceae. The species is thought to have originated in tropical Africa and Southeast Asia, and thereafter have spread to other tropical and subtropical countries in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Cat's whiskers is a highly nutritious vegetable and also possesses numerous medicinal values, yet it is considered as a neglected and underutilized weed species (NUS) in most of the world. In India, C. gynandra is recorded in Assam, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh. There is no earlier report of this species in West Bengal, India. This report is the first record of natural occurrence of C. gynandra in West Bengal, India. The main objective of this report is to provide valid information about the invasion and naturalization of this species in a new geographical area supported with suitable data. Global distribution data of cat's whiskers was retrieved from available web resources and mapped using Quantum GIS software in order to validate the de novo nature of occurrence of this species in this region.     

黄河三角洲地区不同林分云斑白条天牛的空间分布特点

云斑白条天牛对黄河三角洲地区的重要园林绿化树种白蜡树造成严重危害,研究不同林分类型的空间分布,对云斑白条天牛抽样调查和防治具有参考价值。通过调查片林、庭院绿化林、公路行道林、城区行道林和庭院行道林5种不同林分类型白蜡树林地云斑白条天牛的排粪孔、羽化孔和蛀孔的数量,统计分析其空间分布特点。计算聚集度指标、Iwao回归方程和Taylor幂指数方程结果表明,云斑白条天牛危害片林、庭院绿化林、公路行道林、城区行道林和庭院行道林5种林地时的排粪孔、羽化孔和蛀孔均表现为聚集分布,但不同林分类型的聚集度指标参数、Iwao回归方程的α和β值、Taylor幂指数方程lga和b存在一定差异。     

钙处理桃果肉钙离子的分布及其与果实品质形成的关系

为探讨钙元素对桃果实品质、耐贮藏性的影响,确定最佳的叶面喷施钙元素的浓度,研究了喷施钙后,桃果肉组织中钙元素的分布特征、叶片叶绿素的含量以及对果实可溶性固形物含量(SSC)、大小、硬度和耐贮藏性的影响。结果表明,果肉中Ca2 的含量随着喷施钙元素浓度的提高而增加,当喷施CaCl2浓度为0.5%时叶绿素的含量最大,当喷施CaCl2浓度为1%时,SSC、果实大小和果肉硬度达到最大值；当喷施CaCl2浓度为2%时,放置3天后果实硬度最大。本研究确立了最佳的喷施浓度,为深入研究果实钙离子浓度梯度在果实品质形成方面的作用提供了依据。