低碳生活理念下高校图书馆电子阅览室导读工作分析

本文论述了在低碳生活理念下高校图书馆电子阅览室开展导读工作的重要性,分析了在低碳生活理念下高校图书馆电子阅览室导读的内容。     

冷却剂参数对铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命的影响

采用有限体积流固耦合计算方法、非线性有限元热结构耦合分析方法和局部应变法研究大面积比铣槽喷管三维再生冷却槽道在循环工作条件下的热结构变形与低周疲劳寿命,并对比分析了冷却剂质量流量与入口温度对铣槽喷管疲劳使用寿命的影响。计算结果表明,铣槽喷管热结构响应呈现复杂的三维效应,应变较大位置主要分布在与肋连接的内衬区域,喷管中部的残余应变量最大；冷却槽道低周疲劳寿命分布和热结构响应基本一致,最小寿命位于喷管中部与肋相连的内衬区域燃气侧；随冷却剂质量流量增加,铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命不断提高；随冷却剂入口温度增加喷管尾部低周疲劳寿命值不断降低,而喷管中前部的低周疲劳寿命值却不断提高,当冷却剂入口温度为280K左右时,本文的铣槽喷管总体使用寿命达到最大。      

杀虫剂对硃砂叶螨某些生物学特性的影响

溴氰菊酯、氧化乐果、杀虫脒和三氯杀螨醇对硃砂叶螨连续选择3代后,该螨对这些药剂的敏感度分别降低了6.23、1.16、1.23和2.24倍。而4种药剂12个轮换用药组合的敏感度则有不同程度的提高。组建雌性生命表表明,4种药剂对各螨态历期均有不同程度的缩短,Ro、γm、λ各值以溴氰菊酯最高,分别为23.191、0.213、1.139;氧化乐果LC₅₀处理组各数值亦略高于对照组,分别为21.548、0.204、1.226;杀虫脒、三氯杀螨醇处理组各数值略低于对照组。田间试验证实,连续用药3次的三氯杀螨醇、杀虫脒和氧化乐果的较高浓度处理区均能大大降低螨群数量,而溴氰菊酯处理区的螨群数量比对照区高出6.39和8.77倍,认为溴氢菊酯对叶螨的毒性低、刺激增殖、驱使分散和杀伤灭敌而诱使叶螨发生再猖獗。     

CAI课件与CAI-I课件特点之比较分析

随着计算机技术和网络技术的发展,传统的计算机辅助教学（ＣＡＩ）手段与Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ技术的有机 结合,产生了ＣＡＩ的新形式—基于Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ的分布式ＣＡＩ,我国对此研究尚处于初级阶段。主要对 这种新形势下的ＣＡＩ－Ｉ课件与传统的ＣＡＩ课件的特点加以分析和比较,并简要介绍其实现方法。     

苏云金素在水中和植株上的衰减与残留

用ＨＰＬＣ检测了苏云金素在鱼塘水和清水中的衰减速率。清水中该物质的半衰期长达４３３小时；在鱼塘水中苏云素的衰减呈双指数消除模型，开始消除半衰期为２．４３－１０．６８小时，终末消除半衰期为１２８．５７－１４２．０１小时。     

农户家庭生命周期及其经济运行研究

家庭组织是农户特有的一处经济组织形式，本研究运用全国农村固定观察点山西太谷县武家庄村的调查资料，着重研究了农户经济状况和家庭决策模式与农户家庭生命周期的关系。结果表明：两者都与农户家庭生命周期密切相关。为此，应当对农户家庭生命周期规律引起高度的重视。     

鸡(土从)菌生活史的研究

通过孢子分离,小白球分离都在人工合成培养基上萌发成菌丝,形成小白球,证实小白球是鸡(土从)菌生活循环中的一个发育阶段.鸡(土从)菌担孢子萌发的单核菌丝,经过锁状联合发育成双核菌丝,继而形成小白球,但难以在培养基上长出子实体,而在蚁巢上合轴交叉的菌丝交织成小白球,再发育成原基,在适宜的环境条件下鸡(土从)菌破土而出形成子实体.本研究从无性循环及有性循环两方面初步阐明了鸡(土从)菌的生活史.     

Epidemiological investigations of trichostrongylid infections in young cattle in different parts of Norway

The occurrence of trichostrongylid nematodes in young cattle was studied in relation to climate and geographical location, by examination of herbage and faecal samples from 8 farms in 7 different regions in Norway, during 3 consecutive summers. Species of Ostertagia and Cooperia were dominant. Infective larvae, especially those of Ostertagia, were able to survive the winter in the pasture to a great extent in all the areas studied. The spring larval counts varied considerably from place to place, and from year to year, but were often at fairly high levels. This confirms previous findings that the larvae which overwinter on the pasture may be a major cause of losses. Overt clinical disease, however, was only seen at 1 farm during this investigation.The large number of larvae often seen in the autumn seems to be of less significance as a cause of disease, due to the late appearance, but is of major importance as a source of the larvae which survive the winter in the pasture and infect young cattle the following spring.There was no obvious correlation between pasture larval counts and the climate, except that there seemed to be higher counts in the warmer parts of the country, where the grazing season is also longer. The only place were both faecal egg counts and larval counts in the herbage were consistently low, was in the very far north.     

The community idea in American country life

The American Country LifeAssociation was heir to Theodore Roosevelt'sCountry Life Commission, which examined thegeneral conditions of farming life in the opencountry, and...its larger problems. In1919, Kenyon Butterfield, a member ofRoosevelt's Commission, met withrepresentatives from 30 states and 25 nationalorganizations to form the American Country LifeAssociation. In that year, Butterfield, ACLA'sfirst president, published a book, TheFarmer and the New Day, whose defining chapterwas The Making of Communities: The CommunityIdea. The ACLA was educator created and led.Solutions to rural problems were seen aseducational matters. But educational philosophywas undergoing scrutiny and new educationalconcepts were arising from the bustling,industrializing, urbanizing times of late19th century. The experimental,unconstrained spirit of the nation at the turnof the century was formalized as pragmatism. Aleading pragmatist and educator of the time wasJohn Dewey, a contemporary of Butterfield.The communitarianism of Butterfield and Deweycarried throughout the life of ACLA in avariety of forms. Even after ACLA ended as anorganization in 1976, the concerns and idealscontinued in successor organizations, and canbe found in environmental, sustainableagriculture, and rural life organizationstoday. This paper traces one of continuingthemes of the ACLA, the community idea as a wayof adding a social dimension to agriculture'seconomic policies and development. The ACLAstory is a metaphor for country life throughmuch of 20th century America. ACLA is alsoa lesson in how organizations come into being,flourish, falter, die, and leave their legaciesto future generations.     

Longevity of Swiss Brown cattle in different housing systems in Switzerland

A Weibull mixed survival model was used to study the effect of a change in the housing system on length of productive life (LPL) in dairy cows. The data set included records on 71,469 Swiss Brown cows in 1674 farms in eastern and central Switzerland. About 36% of the records were right-censored. The observation period lasted from January 1, 1988 to May 1, 2001. During this period, 517 farms changed their housing conditions from a tie-stall barn to a loose housing system. Besides a random time-dependent effect of herd–year–season, the model included fixed effects of housing system, lactation number and stage of lactation, within herd and parity production level (all time-dependent), and age at first calving (time-independent). All effects had a significant effect on LPL at a level of p < 0.001. Cows in loose housing systems showed the lowest risk ratios of being culled (0.93) compared to the reference system tie-stall barn (1.00). The highest relative culling rate (1.09) was observed within the changing period from tie-stall barn to loose housing system. Within the first three lactations, the relative culling risk increased stepwise with lactation stage. The hazard slightly increased from first until lactation number 8 and higher. The relative culling rates were highest (2.22) for cows yielding less than 90% compared to herd-mates of the same lactation number, whereas the lowest risk ratios were estimated for animals yielding more than 110% compared to their reference group (0.64). When heifers were older than 3 years at first calving, there was a tendency towards a higher relative culling risk (1.06).