不同奶牛精子稀释液配方比较研究

牛的冻精稀释液是精液冷冻保存和人工授精最关键的环节。本文进行了两个方面的试验研究,一是把各个地区生产实践中应用的不同冷冻稀释液配方,进行综合筛选和比较;二是对没有条件冷冻精子的养殖场进行精子保鲜的稀释液配方进行综合筛选和比较。结果显示,当冷冻保存精液时,选择配方2为最佳配方;常温保存时选择配方2、3、4均可。     

不同药剂防治玉米粗缩病效果研究

不同药剂防治玉米粗缩病试验结果表明,药剂拌种和喷雾防治对玉米粗缩病均有一定的防控效果,其中以70%锐胜可湿性拌种剂拌种+10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂225 g/hm2对水225 kg于玉米四叶期前喷雾防治效果最好,防效达78.03%;其次为10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂225 g/hm2+20%盐酸吗啉胍水悬浮剂375 g/hm2于玉米四叶期喷雾;防效可达75.95%。     

不同培肥处理对采煤塌陷地复垦土壤Hedley P形态的影响

采用修正的Hedley磷素形态分级方法,研究了不同培肥处理对土壤各形态磷的影响。研究结果表明,施肥处理对土壤中各种磷素形态都有提高,但不同处理提高的幅度不同,其中,对活性态磷(H2O-P+NaH-CO3-P)的提高幅度依次为:无机肥+有机肥+菌肥>无机肥+菌肥>无机肥+有机肥+基质>无机肥+有机肥>无机肥>CK,对中等活性态磷(NaOH-P)的提高幅度依次为:无机肥+有机肥+菌肥>无机肥+有机肥>无机肥+菌肥>无机肥+有机肥+基质>无机肥>CK。无机肥+有机肥+菌肥处理与对照相比,对土壤的活性态磷和中等活性态磷分别提高了149.6%和73.3%。     

Induced out-of-season and seasonal tank spawning and stripping of pike perch (Sander lucioperca L.)

Nine trials were carried out on the induced propagation of pike perch in out‐of‐season as well as in the natural reproduction period. From January till May, periodically, 16–20 pairs were transported to the hatchery, and acclimated to 15–16°C. The following hormonal treatments were used to induce reproduction: carp pituitary homogenate (CP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) alone or in combination; gonadotrop‐releasing hormone ‘Ovurelin’ (D‐Phe⁶‐LH‐RH) alone or with metaclopramid (MTC); and ‘Ovopel’ [containing des‐Gly¹⁰‐(D‐Ala⁶)‐LH‐RH‐ethylamide and MTC]. The effects of daylight regime, water temperature and the length of the pre‐spawning conditioning period on the reproduction performance were determined. From the 130 hormonally treated pairs, 122 either spawned in tanks or were stripped. There were no differences in the ovulation rate between out‐of‐season (93%) and seasonal (91%) propagation. The developmental stage of the eggs correlated with the latency period, which significantly declined from January till April. The latency period was the shortest in fish treated with hCG and, secondly, with CP. The germinal vesicle migration did not proceed without hormonal treatment, although in some trials breeders were kept at the spawning temperature for 1–2 weeks. The results demonstrate that the pike perch can be successfully induced to spawn about 3 months earlier than its natural spawning season, which allows a significantly prolonged yearly supply of fry.     

The use of sodium carbonate to improve curing treatments against green and blue moulds on citrus fruits

The effectiveness of curing oranges and lemons at 33 degrees C for 65h followed by storage under ambient and cold-storage conditions was investigated. This treatment effectively reduced the incidence of Penicillium digitatum (Pers) Sacc and P italicum Wehmer decay on inoculated and naturally infected oranges and lemons stored at 20 degrees C for 7 days. However, it failed to control green and blue mould infections on fruits placed in long-term cold storage, except green mould on oranges, which was effectively controlled. Dipping fruits in a sodium carbonate solution (20 g litre(-1)) for 2.5 min following a curing treatment at 33 degrees C for 65 h satisfactorily reduced green and blue mould incidence during subsequent long-term storage at 4 degrees C on oranges and at 10 degrees C on lemons. The efficacy was greater on injured fruits inoculated after the combination of treatments was applied, achieving a 60-80% reduction in decay in comparison with the curing treatment alone in all cases. A significant reduction of blue mould was also observed on fruits inoculated both before the treatments and on those re-inoculated after the treatments, demonstrating both protectant and eradicant activity. Thus, combining curing at 33 degrees C for 65 h with sodium carbonate treatment effectively controlled these post-harvest diseases on artificially inoculated citrus fruits and protected against re-infection. With naturally inoculated lemons, curing followed by sodium carbonate significantly reduced both green and blue mould incidence, but was not superior to curing alone. With naturally infected oranges, curing significantly reduced blue mould, but decay was not reduced further when followed by sodium carbonate treatment.     

"根康健"处理进出境园林种苗携带的植物寄生线虫

1999～2001年，对2年生感染根结线虫、双宫螺旋线虫的黄扬、冬青和榕树等17种苗木，5年生的景天等7种盆景的根部进行药剂处理。试验结果表明，使用“根康健”1：2倍液蘸根处理2h后，供试植物根上的外寄生性双宫螺旋线虫被全部杀死，36h后内寄生性根结线虫死亡率高达99％，25天后处理样中未检出任何活线虫。使用“根康健”1：4、1：6倍液进行药剂处理，25天后线虫死亡率分：到达87％～100％。“根康健”1：2倍液作为出入境观赏植物线虫处理剂，可以有效地杀死根组织内外的植物寄生线虫，满足苗木、盆景、花卉等的植物检疫要求。     

Viability and stability of biological control agents on cotton and snap bean seeds

Cotton and snap bean were selected for a multi-year, multi-state regional (south-eastern USA) research project to evaluate the efficacy of both commercial and experimental bacterial and fungal biological control agents for the management of damping-off diseases. The goal for this portion of the project was to determine the viability and stability of biological agents after application to seed. The biological seed treatments used included: (1) Bacillaceae bacteria, (2) non-Bacillaceae bacteria, (3) the fungus Trichoderma and (4) the fungus Beauveria bassiana. Seed assays were conducted to evaluate the following application factors: short-term (< or = 3 months) stability after seed treatment; quality (i.e. isolate purity); compatibility with chemical pesticides and other biocontrol agents; application uniformity between years and plant species. For the bacterial treatments, the Bacillaceae genera (Bacillus and Paenibacillus) maintained the greatest population of bacteria per seed, the best viability over time and the best application uniformity across years and seed type. The non-Bacillaceae genera Burkholderia and Pseudomonas had the least viability and uniformity. Although Beauveria bassiana was only evaluated one year, the seed fungal populations were high and uniform. The seed fungal populations and uniformity for the Trichoderma isolates were more variable, except for the commercial product T-22. However, this product was contaminated with a Streptomyces isolate in both the years that it was evaluated. The study demonstrated that Bacillaceae can be mixed with Trichoderma isolates or with numerous pesticides to provide an integrated pest control/growth enhancement package.     

Chemical control of stored product insects with fumigants and residual treatments

Integrated pest management (IPM) programs that eliminate infestations and prevent economic damage in raw commodities, food storage facilities, and milling and processing plants typically involve chemicals. They are preferred because they are often the cheapest and most efficient strategies available. When evaluating pesticides, it is important to recognize the biological and environmental factors that can affect pesticide efficacy so the insecticide can be effectively used in control programs. We illustrate these concepts with data from research studies with cyfluthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide used as a residual surface treatment, and with data from developmental research with new fumigants. These chemical pesticides and others like them could have specific applications and strategies in an IPM program for post harvest pests well into the 21st Century.     

新疆荒漠地区不同灌溉方式造林应用的综合评价

为了全面、客观、准确地掌握不同灌溉方式的造林应用效果,为林业造林技术应用的前景提供理论依据,以Groasis Waterboxx-灌溉系统与漫灌、无灌溉3种灌溉方式为研究对象,依托野外数据,建立不同目标指标的评价指标体系,利用模糊综合评价法对Groasis Waterboxx-灌溉系统与漫灌、无灌溉3种方式在新疆荒漠地区造林中的应用效果进行了计算分析,结果表明:Groasis Waterboxx-灌溉系统效果综合评价值为0.90,Waterboxx这一项高新技术的应用前景良好,值得推广。